महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-82, verse-8

नारुंतुदः स्यान्न नृशंसवादी न हीनतः परमभ्याददीत ।
ययास्य वाचा पर उद्विजेत न तां वदेद्रुशतीं पापलोक्याम् ॥८॥

8. nāruṁtudaḥ syānna nṛśaṁsavādī; na hīnataḥ paramabhyādadīta ,
yayāsya vācā para udvijeta; na tāṁ vadedruśatīṁ pāpalokyām.

8. na arumtudaḥ syāt na nṛśaṃsavādī
na hīnataḥ param abhyādadīta
yayā asya vācā paraḥ udvijeta
na tām vadet ruśatīm pāpalokyām

8. One should not be a tormentor, nor a speaker of cruel words, nor should one disrespectfully revile another. One should not utter harsh, abusive speech by which another might be disturbed or which leads to ignoble consequences.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• अरुम्तुदः (arumtudaḥ) - tormentor, pain-inflicting, wound-causing

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be

• न (na) - nor

• नृशंसवादी (nṛśaṁsavādī) - speaker of cruel words, cruel speaker

• न (na) - nor

• हीनतः (hīnataḥ) - from a low position, with contempt, disrespectfully

• परम् (param) - another, another person

• अभ्याददीत (abhyādadīta) - should revile, should attack, should assail

• यया (yayā) - by which (feminine, instrumental)

• अस्य (asya) - of the other person (his, of this (one))

• वाचा (vācā) - by speech, by word

• परः (paraḥ) - another, the other

• उद्विजेत (udvijeta) - might be agitated, might be disturbed, might tremble

• न (na) - not

• ताम् (tām) - that (feminine, accusative)

• वदेत् (vadet) - should speak, should say

• रुशतीम् (ruśatīm) - harsh, abusive, fierce (feminine, accusative)

• पापलोक्याम् (pāpalokyām) - leading to bad worlds, causing sinful results (feminine, accusative)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अरुम्तुदः (arumtudaḥ) - tormentor, pain-inflicting, wound-causing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arumtuda

arumtuda - tormentor, wound-inflicting, pain-causing, heart-piercing

Agent noun

Compound formed with arum (wound) and the root √tud (to pierce, torment).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (arum+tuda)

• arum – wound, sore, cut
  noun (neuter)
• tuda – piercing, tormenting, striking
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun suffix -a from √tud
  From root √tud (to pierce, strike) with suffix -a.
  Root: tud (class 6)

Note: Used as a substantive.

स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Vidhi Liṅ) of as

Optative Mood, Third Person, Singular

From root √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

न (na) - nor

(indeclinable)

नृशंसवादी (nṛśaṁsavādī) - speaker of cruel words, cruel speaker

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsavādin

nṛśaṁsavādin - speaking cruel words, cruel speaker, savage speaker

Agent noun

Compound of nṛśaṃsa (cruel) and vādin (speaker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛśaṃsa+vādin)

• nṛśaṃsa – cruel, wicked, atrocious, brutal
  adjective (masculine)
• vādin – speaking, speaker, proclaiming
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun suffix -in from √vad
  From root √vad (to speak) with suffix -in.
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Used as a substantive.

न (na) - nor

(indeclinable)

हीनतः (hīnataḥ) - from a low position, with contempt, disrespectfully

(indeclinable)

Derived from hīna (low, inferior) with the suffix -tas.

परम् (param) - another, another person

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, different, stranger, enemy

Note: Refers to 'another person'.

अभ्याददीत (abhyādadīta) - should revile, should attack, should assail

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (Vidhi Liṅ) of abhyādā

Optative Mood, Third Person, Singular, Middle Voice

Root √dā (to give, take) with upasargas abhi- and ā-. Middle voice implies action for oneself or reciprocal.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

यया (yayā) - by which (feminine, instrumental)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yat

yat - which, what, who, that

Feminine instrumental singular of relative pronoun `yat`.

अस्य (asya) - of the other person (his, of this (one))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, he, she, it

Genitive singular of pronominal stem `idam`.

वाचा (vācā) - by speech, by word

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

Root: vac (class 2)

परः (paraḥ) - another, the other

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, different, stranger, enemy

उद्विजेत (udvijeta) - might be agitated, might be disturbed, might tremble

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (Vidhi Liṅ) of udvij

Optative Mood, Third Person, Singular, Middle Voice

Root √vij (to tremble, move quickly) with upasarga ud-. Middle voice.

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Expresses potential or wish.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - that (feminine, accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, she, it

Feminine accusative singular of pronominal stem `tad`.

वदेत् (vadet) - should speak, should say

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Vidhi Liṅ) of vad

Optative Mood, Third Person, Singular

From root √vad (to speak).

Root: vad (class 1)

रुशतीम् (ruśatīm) - harsh, abusive, fierce (feminine, accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ruśatī

ruśatī - harsh, fierce, abusive, injurious (feminine)

Present Active Participle, feminine.

Derived from root √ruś (to injure, to be fierce/angry) with Śatṛ suffix, feminine form.

Root: ruś (class 6)

Note: Adjectival usage, modifying implied `vācam`.

पापलोक्याम् (pāpalokyām) - leading to bad worlds, causing sinful results (feminine, accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pāpalokyā

pāpalokyā - relating to or leading to sinful worlds, causing evil consequences

Derived from pāpa (evil, sin) and loka (world) with suffix -ya.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāpa+lokya)

• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked, bad
  noun (neuter)
• lokya – belonging to a world, relating to a world, conducive to a world
  adjective (feminine)
  From loka (world) + -ya suffix.

Note: Modifying implied `vācam`.