महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-82, verse-11

वाक्सायका वदनान्निष्पतन्ति यैराहतः शोचति रात्र्यहानि ।
परस्य वा मर्मसु ये पतन्ति तान्पण्डितो नावसृजेत्परेषु ॥११॥

11. vāksāyakā vadanānniṣpatanti; yairāhataḥ śocati rātryahāni ,
parasya vā marmasu ye patanti; tānpaṇḍito nāvasṛjetpareṣu.

11. vāksāyakāḥ vadanāt niṣpatanti
yaiḥ āhataḥ śocati rātryahāni
parasya vā marmasu ye patanti
tān paṇḍitaḥ na avasṛjet pareṣu

11. Speech-arrows fly out from the mouth; struck by them, one grieves day and night. A wise person should not release such arrows (words) that fall into the vital points of another.

Words meanings summery:

• वाक्सायकाः (vāksāyakāḥ) - speech-arrows, verbal arrows

• वदनात् (vadanāt) - from the mouth

• निष्पतन्ति (niṣpatanti) - they fly out, they fall out

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (plural, instrumental)

• आहतः (āhataḥ) - struck, wounded, hit

• शोचति (śocati) - grieves, laments, sorrows

• रात्र्यहानि (rātryahāni) - day and night, continually (accusative plural/dual)

• परस्य (parasya) - of another, of the other (person)

• वा (vā) - or

• मर्मसु (marmasu) - in the vital parts, in the vulnerable points

• ये (ye) - which (masculine, plural, nominative)

• पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they fly

• तान् (tān) - those (masculine, plural, accusative)

• पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - wise person, learned man

• न (na) - not

• अवसृजेत् (avasṛjet) - should release, should utter, should discharge

• परेषु (pareṣu) - against others, towards others, in others

Words meanings and morphology

वाक्सायकाः (vāksāyakāḥ) - speech-arrows, verbal arrows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāksāyaka

vāksāyaka - speech-arrow, word-arrow (figurative for harsh words)

Compound of vāc (speech) and sāyaka (arrow).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vāc+sāyaka)

• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• sāyaka – arrow, missile, shooter
  noun (masculine)
  From root √si (to bind, cast) + aka suffix.
  Derived from root √si (to throw, bind) + ṇvul suffix (aka).
  Root: si (class 4)

Note: Subject of `niṣpatanti`.

वदनात् (vadanāt) - from the mouth

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vadana

vadana - mouth, face, aperture

From √vad (to speak) + ana suffix.

Action noun/instrumental noun from √vad.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Indicates origin.

निष्पतन्ति (niṣpatanti) - they fly out, they fall out

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of niṣpat

Present Tense, Third Person, Plural

Root √pat (to fall, fly) with upasarga nis-.

Prefix: nis

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject is `vāksāyakāḥ`.

यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (plural, instrumental)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yat

yat - which, what, who, that

Masculine instrumental plural of relative pronoun `yat`.

आहतः (āhataḥ) - struck, wounded, hit

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhata

āhata - struck, hit, wounded, injured, beaten

Past Passive Participle

From root √han (to strike, kill) with upasarga ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject of `śocati`.

शोचति (śocati) - grieves, laments, sorrows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of śuc

Present Tense, Third Person, Singular

From root √śuc (to grieve, to shine, to burn).

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Subject is `āhataḥ`.

रात्र्यहानि (rātryahāni) - day and night, continually (accusative plural/dual)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rātryahan

rātryahan - day and night

Dvandva compound of rātri (night) and ahan (day).

Compound type : dvandva (rātri+ahan)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Functions adverbially to indicate duration.

परस्य (parasya) - of another, of the other (person)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, different, stranger, enemy

Note: Modifies `marmasu` indirectly.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

मर्मसु (marmasu) - in the vital parts, in the vulnerable points

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of marman

marman - vital part of the body, vulnerable spot, secret, essence

From root √mṛ (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Locative plural of `marman`.

ये (ye) - which (masculine, plural, nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yat

yat - which, what, who, that

Masculine nominative plural of relative pronoun `yat`.

Note: Subject of `patanti`.

पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they fly

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of pat

Present Tense, Third Person, Plural

From root √pat (to fall, fly).

Root: pat (class 1)

तान् (tān) - those (masculine, plural, accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Masculine accusative plural of pronominal stem `tad`.

Note: Object of `avasṛjet`.

पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - wise person, learned man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - wise, learned, scholar, sage, pundit

From paṇḍā (wisdom).

Note: Subject of `avasṛjet`.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अवसृजेत् (avasṛjet) - should release, should utter, should discharge

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Vidhi Liṅ) of avasṛj

Optative Mood, Third Person, Singular

From root √sṛj (to create, emit, release) with upasarga ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: sṛj (class 6)

परेषु (pareṣu) - against others, towards others, in others

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, different, stranger, enemy

Note: Refers to other people.