महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-82, verse-13

तस्मात्सान्त्वं सदा वाच्यं न वाच्यं परुषं क्वचित् ।
पूज्यान्संपूजयेद्दद्यान्न च याचेत्कदाचन ॥१३॥

13. tasmātsāntvaṁ sadā vācyaṁ na vācyaṁ paruṣaṁ kvacit ,
pūjyānsaṁpūjayeddadyānna ca yācetkadācana.

13. tasmāt sāntvam sadā vācyam na vācyam paruṣam kvacit
pūjyān saṃpūjayet dadyāt na ca yācet kadācana

13. Therefore, one should always speak gentle words and never harsh ones. One should honor those worthy of respect and give, but should never beg.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• सान्त्वम् (sāntvam) - gentle (words) (gentle, conciliatory, agreeable)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

• वाच्यम् (vācyam) - should be spoken (to be spoken, should be said, worthy of being spoken)

• न (na) - not

• वाच्यम् (vācyam) - should be spoken (to be spoken, should be said)

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh (words) (harsh, rough, cruel)

• क्वचित् (kvacit) - ever (in a negative sense, "never") (sometimes, ever, at any time)

• पूज्यान् (pūjyān) - those worthy of respect (those to be honored, venerable ones)

• संपूजयेत् (saṁpūjayet) - one should honor (one should honor, respect)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• याचेत् (yācet) - one should beg (one should beg, request)

• कदाचन (kadācana) - ever (in a negative sense, "never") (ever, at any time)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an indeclinable here.

सान्त्वम् (sāntvam) - gentle (words) (gentle, conciliatory, agreeable)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of sāntva

sāntva - gentle, conciliatory, agreeable, mild

Note: Implied noun is 'vākyam' (speech/words).

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

(indeclinable)

वाच्यम् (vācyam) - should be spoken (to be spoken, should be said, worthy of being spoken)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, expressible, laudable

Gerundive

Future Passive Participle/Gerundive from root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for the implied 'speech'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following 'vācyam'.

वाच्यम् (vācyam) - should be spoken (to be spoken, should be said)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, expressible, laudable

Gerundive

Future Passive Participle/Gerundive from root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for implied 'speech'.

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh (words) (harsh, rough, cruel)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

Note: Qualifies implied 'vākyam'.

क्वचित् (kvacit) - ever (in a negative sense, "never") (sometimes, ever, at any time)

(indeclinable)

पूज्यान् (pūjyān) - those worthy of respect (those to be honored, venerable ones)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pūjya

pūjya - to be honored, venerable, respectable

Gerundive

Future Passive Participle/Gerundive from root 'pūj'

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Object of 'saṃpūjayet'.

संपूजयेत् (saṁpūjayet) - one should honor (one should honor, respect)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of saṃpūj

Optative form of root 'pūj' with upasarga 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: pūj (class 10)

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

Optative form of root 'dā'

Root: dā (class 3)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'yācet'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'dadyāt' with 'na yācet'.

याचेत् (yācet) - one should beg (one should beg, request)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of yāc

Optative form of root 'yāc'

Root: yāc (class 1)

कदाचन (kadācana) - ever (in a negative sense, "never") (ever, at any time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the negation from 'na'.