महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-190, verse-1

द्रुपद उवाच ।
अश्रुत्वैवं वचनं ते महर्षे मया पूर्वं यतितं कार्यमेतत् ।
न वै शक्यं विहितस्यापयातुं तदेवेदमुपपन्नं विधानम् ॥१॥

1. drupada uvāca ,
aśrutvaivaṁ vacanaṁ te maharṣe; mayā pūrvaṁ yatitaṁ kāryametat ,
na vai śakyaṁ vihitasyāpayātuṁ; tadevedamupapannaṁ vidhānam.

1. drupada uvāca aśrutvā evam vacanam
te maharṣe mayā pūrvam yatitam kāryam
etat na vai śakyam vihitasya
apayātum tat eva idam upapannam vidhānam

1. Drupada said: "O great sage, because I had not heard such words from you before, I had indeed made efforts concerning this matter previously. However, it is certainly not possible to deviate from what has been ordained, and thus, this arrangement has fittingly come to pass."

Words meanings summery:

• द्रुपद (drupada) - Drupada

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अश्रुत्वा (aśrutvā) - not having heard

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, such

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• ते (te) - your, of you

• महर्षे (maharṣe) - O great sage

• मया (mayā) - by me

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly

• यतितम् (yatitam) - attempted, striven for

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - task, business, matter

• एतत् (etat) - this

• न (na) - not

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able to be done

• विहितस्य (vihitasya) - of what is ordained, of the arranged

• अपयातुम् (apayātum) - to deviate, to go away from

• तत् (tat) - that

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• इदम् (idam) - this

• उपपन्नम् (upapannam) - occurred, happened, fitting, appropriate

• विधानम् (vidhānam) - arrangement, ordinance, rule

Words meanings and morphology

द्रुपद (drupada) - Drupada

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drupada

drupada - Drupada (name of a king)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

From root vac, conjugated in perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

अश्रुत्वा (aśrutvā) - not having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+śrutvā)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• śrutvā – having heard
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (Gerund)
  Derived from root śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā.
  Root: śru (class 5)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, such

(indeclinable)

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, statement

Derived from root vac- (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

ते (te) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

महर्षे (maharṣe) - O great sage

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, great seer

Compound of mahā (great) and ṛṣi (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb.

यतितम् (yatitam) - attempted, striven for

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yatita

yatita - attempted, striven, endeavored

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yat- (to strive, endeavor) with suffix -ta.

Root: yat (class 1)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - task, business, matter

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, a duty, a task, matter, business

Gerundive

Derived from root kṛ- (to do) with suffix -ya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able to be done

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, capable

Gerundive

Derived from root śak- (to be able) with suffix -ya.

Root: śak (class 5)

विहितस्य (vihitasya) - of what is ordained, of the arranged

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vihita

vihita - ordained, arranged, appointed, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā- (to place, arrange) with prefix vi- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Functions as a nominalized adjective.

अपयातुम् (apayātum) - to deviate, to go away from

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from root yā- (to go) with prefix apa- and suffix -tum.

Prefix: apa

Root: yā (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

उपपन्नम् (upapannam) - occurred, happened, fitting, appropriate

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upapanna

upapanna - come to hand, occurred, happened, appropriate, fit

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pad- (to go, occur) with prefix upa- and suffix -na.

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

विधानम् (vidhānam) - arrangement, ordinance, rule

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidhāna

vidhāna - arrangement, ordinance, rule, method, creation

Derived from root dhā- (to place) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)