महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-11, verse-5

तस्याहं तपसो वीर्यं जानमानस्तपोधन ।
भृशमुद्विग्नहृदयस्तमवोचं वनौकसम् ॥५॥

5. tasyāhaṁ tapaso vīryaṁ jānamānastapodhana ,
bhṛśamudvignahṛdayastamavocaṁ vanaukasam.

5. tasya aham tapasaḥ vīryam jānamānaḥ tapodhana
bhṛśam udvignahṛdayaḥ tam avocam vanaukasam

5. Knowing the power of his penance, O ascetic, I, with a greatly agitated heart, spoke to that forest-dweller.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of his (the ascetic's) (of him, his)

• अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, who was cursed) (I)

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of his penance (of penance, of austerity)

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - the power (power, strength, potency)

• जानमानः (jānamānaḥ) - knowing (knowing, understanding)

• तपोधन (tapodhana) - O ascetic (O ascetic (whose wealth is penance))

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly (greatly, exceedingly)

• उद्विग्नहृदयः (udvignahṛdayaḥ) - with a greatly agitated heart (agitated in heart, distressed)

• तम् (tam) - to that (ascetic) (to him, that)

• अवोचम् (avocam) - I spoke (I spoke, I said)

• वनौकसम् (vanaukasam) - that forest-dweller (forest-dweller, ascetic)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of his (the ascetic's) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, modifies 'tapasaḥ'.

अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, who was cursed) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Subject of 'avocam'.

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of his penance (of penance, of austerity)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, heat

Note: Possessive, modifies 'vīryam'.

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - the power (power, strength, potency)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - power, strength, potency, valor

Note: Object of 'jānamānaḥ'.

जानमानः (jānamānaḥ) - knowing (knowing, understanding)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jānamāna

jānamāna - knowing, understanding, recognizing

present participle (middle voice)

derived from root jñā (class 9), present middle participle

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Adjective modifying 'aham'.

तपोधन (tapodhana) - O ascetic (O ascetic (whose wealth is penance))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - rich in penance, an ascetic, one whose wealth is austerity

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – penance, austerity, heat
  noun (neuter)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)

Note: A direct address to the ascetic being described.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly (greatly, exceedingly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'udvignahṛdayaḥ'.

उद्विग्नहृदयः (udvignahṛdayaḥ) - with a greatly agitated heart (agitated in heart, distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udvignahṛdaya

udvignahṛdaya - agitated heart, distressed mind, whose heart is disturbed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udvigna+hṛdaya)

• udvigna – agitated, distressed, anxious
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  derived from root vij (class 6) with prefix ud-
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vij (class 6)
• hṛdaya – heart, mind, core
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying 'aham'.

तम् (tam) - to that (ascetic) (to him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'avocam'.

अवोचम् (avocam) - I spoke (I spoke, I said)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Preceded by augment 'a'.

वनौकसम् (vanaukasam) - that forest-dweller (forest-dweller, ascetic)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanaukas

vanaukas - forest-dweller, hermit, ascetic

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+okas)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• okas – dwelling, house, home
  noun (neuter)

Note: Appositive to 'tam'.