महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-11, verse-1

डुण्डुभ उवाच ।
सखा बभूव मे पूर्वं खगमो नाम वै द्विजः ।
भृशं संशितवाक्तात तपोबलसमन्वितः ॥१॥

1. ḍuṇḍubha uvāca ,
sakhā babhūva me pūrvaṁ khagamo nāma vai dvijaḥ ,
bhṛśaṁ saṁśitavāktāta tapobalasamanvitaḥ.

1. ḍuṇḍubhaḥ uvāca sakhā babhūva me pūrvam khagamaḥ nāma
vai dvijaḥ bhṛśam saṃśitavāk tāta tapobalasamanvitaḥ

1. The Ḍuṇḍubha said: "O dear one, I formerly had a friend, a Brahmin named Khagama, who was very sharp-tongued and endowed with the power of asceticism."

Words meanings summery:

• डुण्डुभः (ḍuṇḍubhaḥ) - The Ḍuṇḍubha (speaker) (Ḍuṇḍubha (proper name, type of snake))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• सखा (sakhā) - friend (friend, companion)

• बभूव (babhūva) - was (was, became)

• मे (me) - my (to me, for me, my)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly (before, formerly, previously)

• खगमः (khagamaḥ) - Khagama (the sage's name) (Khagama (proper name, lit. 'sky-goer', a bird))

• नाम (nāma) - named (lit. 'by name') (name, by name, indeed)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - Brahmin (Brahmin, twice-born)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - very (greatly, exceedingly, very much)

• संशितवाक् (saṁśitavāk) - sharp-tongued (sharp-tongued, having a sharp voice/speech)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (O dear one, O father (term of endearment))

• तपोबलसमन्वितः (tapobalasamanvitaḥ) - endowed with the power of asceticism

Words meanings and morphology

डुण्डुभः (ḍuṇḍubhaḥ) - The Ḍuṇḍubha (speaker) (Ḍuṇḍubha (proper name, type of snake))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ḍuṇḍubha

ḍuṇḍubha - a kind of harmless snake

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfective

perfect tense form

Root: vac

Note: From root vac (ब्रूञ्)

सखा (sakhā) - friend (friend, companion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

Note: Subject of 'babhūva'.

बभूव (babhūva) - was (was, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

perfect

perfect tense form

Root: bhū (class 1)

मे (me) - my (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Enclitic form of the genitive/dative of asmad. Possessive 'my friend'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly (before, formerly, previously)

(indeclinable)

Note: Also can be an adjective 'former', 'previous'. Here used adverbially.

खगमः (khagamaḥ) - Khagama (the sage's name) (Khagama (proper name, lit. 'sky-goer', a bird))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khagama

khagama - moving in the air, a bird, Khagama (name)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kha+gama)

• kha – sky, space, ether
  noun (neuter)
• gama – going, moving
  adjective
  agent_noun
  -a suffix from gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: A proper name.

नाम (nāma) - named (lit. 'by name') (name, by name, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Can also be used as an indeclinable meaning 'by name' or 'indeed'. Here it means 'named'.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - Brahmin (Brahmin, twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - Brahmin, a bird, a tooth

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - very (greatly, exceedingly, very much)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

संशितवाक् (saṁśitavāk) - sharp-tongued (sharp-tongued, having a sharp voice/speech)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśitavāc

saṁśitavāc - sharp-tongued

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃśita+vāc)

• saṃśita – sharpened, keen
  adjective
  past_participle
  -kta suffix from śā
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śā (class 4)
• vāc – speech, voice
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'dvijaḥ'. Derived from sam-śā 'to sharpen' + vāc 'speech'.

तात (tāta) - O dear one (O dear one, O father (term of endearment))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one

Note: A term of endearment, often used by elders addressing juniors, or respectfully among equals/superiors.

तपोबलसमन्वितः (tapobalasamanvitaḥ) - endowed with the power of asceticism

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapobalasamanvita

tapobalasamanvita - endowed with the power of asceticism

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+bala+samanvita)

• tapas – austerity, asceticism
  noun (neuter)
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)
• samanvita – endowed with, accompanied by
  adjective
  past_participle
  -kta suffix from i (to go)
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'dvijaḥ'. Compound of tapas (austerity), bala (strength/power), and samanvita (endowed).