भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-18, verse-43
शौर्यं तेजो धृतिर्दाक्ष्यं युद्धे चाप्यपलायनम् ।
दानमीश्वरभावश्च क्षत्रकर्म स्वभावजम् ॥४३॥
दानमीश्वरभावश्च क्षत्रकर्म स्वभावजम् ॥४३॥
43. śauryaṁ tejo dhṛtirdākṣyaṁ yuddhe cāpyapalāyanam ,
dānamīśvarabhāvaśca kṣatrakarma svabhāvajam.
dānamīśvarabhāvaśca kṣatrakarma svabhāvajam.
43.
śauryaṃ tejaḥ dhṛtiḥ dākṣyaṃ yuddhe ca api apalāyanam
dānam īśvarabhāvaḥ ca kṣatrakarma svabhāvajam
dānam īśvarabhāvaḥ ca kṣatrakarma svabhāvajam
43.
śauryaṃ tejaḥ dhṛtiḥ dākṣyaṃ yuddhe ca api apalāyanam
dānam īśvarabhāvaḥ ca svabhāvajam kṣatrakarma [asti]
dānam īśvarabhāvaḥ ca svabhāvajam kṣatrakarma [asti]
43.
Heroism, splendor, steadfastness, skill, and also not fleeing from battle, generosity (dāna), and leadership are the actions (karma) intrinsic to a kṣatriya's nature (svabhāva).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शौर्यं (śauryaṁ) - heroism, valor, bravery
- तेजः (tejaḥ) - splendor, prowess, energy, radiance
- धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - fortitude, steadfastness, resolve, patience
- दाक्ष्यं (dākṣyaṁ) - skill, dexterity, cleverness, efficiency
- युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war
- च (ca) - and
- अपि (api) - "and also" or "even" (also, even, indeed)
- अपलायनम् (apalāyanam) - steadfastness in battle (not fleeing, not running away)
- दानम् (dānam) - giving, charity, generosity (dāna)
- ईश्वरभावः (īśvarabhāvaḥ) - lordliness, leadership, sovereignty, attitude of a ruler
- च (ca) - and
- क्षत्रकर्म (kṣatrakarma) - the duty/action of a Kshatriya
- स्वभावजम् (svabhāvajam) - born of one's intrinsic nature; inherent
Words meanings and morphology
शौर्यं (śauryaṁ) - heroism, valor, bravery
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śaurya
śaurya - heroism, valor, bravery
From śūra (hero) + ya (taddhita suffix)
तेजः (tejaḥ) - splendor, prowess, energy, radiance
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tejas
tejas - splendor, prowess, energy, might, radiance, spiritual power
From root tij (to be sharp) + as
Root: tij (class 1)
धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - fortitude, steadfastness, resolve, patience
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of dhṛti
dhṛti - fortitude, steadfastness, resolve, patience, firmness
From root dhṛ (to hold, support) + ti
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
दाक्ष्यं (dākṣyaṁ) - skill, dexterity, cleverness, efficiency
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dākṣya
dākṣya - skill, dexterity, cleverness, efficiency
From dakṣa (able, skillful) + ya
युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha
yuddha - battle, war, fight
From root yudh (to fight) + ta (kṛt suffix)
Root: yudh (class 4)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - "and also" or "even" (also, even, indeed)
(indeclinable)
अपलायनम् (apalāyanam) - steadfastness in battle (not fleeing, not running away)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of apalāyana
apalāyana - not fleeing, not running away
Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+palāyana)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - palāyana – fleeing, running away, escape
noun (neuter)
From palāyate (to flee)
Prefix: palā
Root: ay (class 1)
दानम् (dānam) - giving, charity, generosity (dāna)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna
dāna - act of giving, charity, gift (dāna)
From root dā (to give) + ana
Root: dā (class 3)
ईश्वरभावः (īśvarabhāvaḥ) - lordliness, leadership, sovereignty, attitude of a ruler
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of īśvarabhāva
īśvarabhāva - lordliness, sovereignty, leadership, ruling disposition
Compound type : tatpurusha (īśvara+bhāva)
- īśvara – lord, master, ruler, God
noun (masculine)
From root īś (to be master) + vara
Root: īś (class 2) - bhāva – state of being, condition, nature, disposition, attitude
noun (masculine)
From root bhū (to be) + a
Root: bhū (class 1)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
क्षत्रकर्म (kṣatrakarma) - the duty/action of a Kshatriya
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣatrakarman
kṣatrakarman - the action or duty of a Kshatriya
Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣatra+karman)
- kṣatra – rule, dominion; a Kshatriya
noun (neuter) - karman – action, deed, work, duty (karma)
noun (neuter)
From root kṛ (to do) + man
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: This compound functions as the subject.
स्वभावजम् (svabhāvajam) - born of one's intrinsic nature; inherent
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of svabhāvaja
svabhāvaja - born of one's own nature, inherent, natural
Compound type : tatpurusha (svabhāva+ja)
- svabhāva – one's own nature, intrinsic nature, inherent disposition
noun (masculine) - ja – born, produced from
adjective
From root jan (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Agrees with kṣatrakarma.