भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-18, verse-28
अयुक्तः प्राकृतः स्तब्धः शठो नैकृतिकोऽलसः ।
विषादी दीर्घसूत्री च कर्ता तामस उच्यते ॥२८॥
विषादी दीर्घसूत्री च कर्ता तामस उच्यते ॥२८॥
28. ayuktaḥ prākṛtaḥ stabdhaḥ śaṭho naikṛtiko'lasaḥ ,
viṣādī dīrghasūtrī ca kartā tāmasa ucyate.
viṣādī dīrghasūtrī ca kartā tāmasa ucyate.
28.
ayuktaḥ prākṛtaḥ stabdhaḥ śaṭhaḥ naikṛtikaḥ
alasaḥ viṣādī dīrghasūtrī ca kartā tāmasaḥ ucyate
alasaḥ viṣādī dīrghasūtrī ca kartā tāmasaḥ ucyate
28.
kartā ayuktaḥ prākṛtaḥ stabdhaḥ śaṭhaḥ naikṛtikaḥ
alasaḥ viṣādī dīrghasūtrī ca tāmasaḥ ucyate
alasaḥ viṣādī dīrghasūtrī ca tāmasaḥ ucyate
28.
A doer (kartā) who is undisciplined, vulgar, stubborn, cunning, malicious, lazy, despondent, and procrastinating, is called of the nature of tamas (tāmasaḥ).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अयुक्तः (ayuktaḥ) - undisciplined (undisciplined, uncontrolled, not connected (with yoga), imprudent)
- प्राकृतः (prākṛtaḥ) - vulgar, ignorant (vulgar, common, ignorant, natural, unsophisticated)
- स्तब्धः (stabdhaḥ) - stubborn (rigid, stubborn, immovable, stiff, proud)
- शठः (śaṭhaḥ) - cunning (cunning, deceitful, fraudulent, malicious)
- नैकृतिकः (naikṛtikaḥ) - malicious (malicious, dishonest, fraudulent, treacherous)
- अलसः (alasaḥ) - lazy (lazy, indolent, idle, slow)
- विषादी (viṣādī) - despondent (despondent, gloomy, sad, dejected)
- दीर्घसूत्री (dīrghasūtrī) - procrastinating (procrastinating, dilatory, slow in action, lingering)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- कर्ता (kartā) - doer (doer, agent, performer)
- तामसः (tāmasaḥ) - of the nature of tamas (tāmasaḥ) (dark, ignorant, dull, related to tamas)
- उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called, is declared)
Words meanings and morphology
अयुक्तः (ayuktaḥ) - undisciplined (undisciplined, uncontrolled, not connected (with yoga), imprudent)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ayukta
ayukta - undisciplined, uncontrolled, not connected (with yoga), imprudent, disjoined
Past Passive Participle (negated)
`a` (negation) + `yukta` (past passive participle of `yuj`)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yukta)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - yukta – joined, united, attentive, disciplined, engaged in yoga
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Root `yuj` + `kta` suffix
Root: yuj (class 7)
प्राकृतः (prākṛtaḥ) - vulgar, ignorant (vulgar, common, ignorant, natural, unsophisticated)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prākṛta
prākṛta - vulgar, common, ignorant, natural, unsophisticated, belonging to prakṛti
From `prakṛti` + `a` suffix
स्तब्धः (stabdhaḥ) - stubborn (rigid, stubborn, immovable, stiff, proud)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of stabdha
stabdha - rigid, stubborn, immovable, stiff, proud, paralyzed
Past Passive Participle
Root `stambh` + `kta` suffix (with internal changes)
Root: stambh (class 5)
शठः (śaṭhaḥ) - cunning (cunning, deceitful, fraudulent, malicious)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śaṭha
śaṭha - cunning, deceitful, fraudulent, malicious, rogue
नैकृतिकः (naikṛtikaḥ) - malicious (malicious, dishonest, fraudulent, treacherous)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of naikṛtika
naikṛtika - malicious, dishonest, fraudulent, treacherous, doing injury
Derived from `nikṛti` (dishonesty, injury)
अलसः (alasaḥ) - lazy (lazy, indolent, idle, slow)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of alasa
alasa - lazy, indolent, idle, slow, spiritless
विषादी (viṣādī) - despondent (despondent, gloomy, sad, dejected)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣādin
viṣādin - despondent, gloomy, sad, dejected, depressed
From `viṣāda` (despondency) + `in` suffix
दीर्घसूत्री (dīrghasūtrī) - procrastinating (procrastinating, dilatory, slow in action, lingering)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dīrghasūtrin
dīrghasūtrin - procrastinating, dilatory, slow in action, lingering, spinning a long thread
Bahuvrihi compound: `dīrgha` (long) + `sūtra` (thread, rule) + `in` (suffix)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dīrgha+sūtra)
- dīrgha – long, lengthy, tall
adjective (masculine) - sūtra – thread, string, rule, aphorism
noun (neuter)
Root `siv` + `tra` suffix
Root: siv (class 4)
Note: Qualifies `kartā`.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
कर्ता (kartā) - doer (doer, agent, performer)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kartṛ
kartṛ - doer, agent, performer, creator
Agent noun
Root `kṛ` + `tṛ` suffix
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Subject of the sentence.
तामसः (tāmasaḥ) - of the nature of tamas (tāmasaḥ) (dark, ignorant, dull, related to tamas)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tāmasa
tāmasa - dark, ignorant, dull, related to tamas, belonging to the quality of tamas
Derived from `tamas`
Note: Qualifies `kartā`.
उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called, is declared)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of ucyate
Present Passive
Root `vac` (becomes `uc` in passive stem) + passive stem `ucya` + Middle voice ending `te`
Root: vac (class 2)