भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-18, verse-42
शमो दमस्तपः शौचं क्षान्तिरार्जवमेव च ।
ज्ञानं विज्ञानमास्तिक्यं ब्रह्मकर्म स्वभावजम् ॥४२॥
ज्ञानं विज्ञानमास्तिक्यं ब्रह्मकर्म स्वभावजम् ॥४२॥
42. śamo damastapaḥ śaucaṁ kṣāntirārjavameva ca ,
jñānaṁ vijñānamāstikyaṁ brahmakarma svabhāvajam.
jñānaṁ vijñānamāstikyaṁ brahmakarma svabhāvajam.
42.
śamaḥ damaḥ tapaḥ śaucam kṣāntiḥ ārjavam eva ca
jñānam vijñānam āstikyam brahmakarma svabhāvajam
jñānam vijñānam āstikyam brahmakarma svabhāvajam
42.
śamaḥ damaḥ tapaḥ śaucam kṣāntiḥ ārjavam eva ca
jñānam vijñānam āstikyam svabhāvajam brahmakarma
jñānam vijñānam āstikyam svabhāvajam brahmakarma
42.
Tranquility, self-control, austerity (tapas), purity, forbearance, and also straightforwardness, knowledge, wisdom, and conviction (āstikyam) are the actions (karma) intrinsic to a brahmin's nature (svabhāva).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शमः (śamaḥ) - tranquility, calmness, mental quietude
- दमः (damaḥ) - self-control, control of senses
- तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline (tapas)
- शौचम् (śaucam) - purity, cleanliness (physical and mental)
- क्षान्तिः (kṣāntiḥ) - patience, forbearance, forgiveness
- आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness, honesty, sincerity
- एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding list, implying "and also" or "even" (indeed, only, certainly, also)
- च (ca) - and
- ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - spiritual or theoretical knowledge (knowledge)
- विज्ञानम् (vijñānam) - practical or realized wisdom, profound understanding (wisdom, realized knowledge, specific knowledge, discrimination)
- आस्तिक्यम् (āstikyam) - faith, piety, belief in God or Veda, conviction
- ब्रह्मकर्म (brahmakarma) - the duty/action of a Brahmin
- स्वभावजम् (svabhāvajam) - born of one's intrinsic nature; inherent
Words meanings and morphology
शमः (śamaḥ) - tranquility, calmness, mental quietude
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śama
śama - tranquility, calmness, quietude, control of mind
From root śam (to be calm)
Root: śam (class 4)
दमः (damaḥ) - self-control, control of senses
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dama
dama - self-control, control over the senses
From root dam (to tame, control)
Root: dam (class 4)
तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline (tapas)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas
tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline (tapas)
From root tap (to heat, suffer, practice austerity)
Root: tap (class 1)
शौचम् (śaucam) - purity, cleanliness (physical and mental)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śauca
śauca - purity, cleanliness
From śuci + aṇ
क्षान्तिः (kṣāntiḥ) - patience, forbearance, forgiveness
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣānti
kṣānti - patience, forbearance, forgiveness, endurance
From root kṣam (to be patient) + ti
Root: kṣam (class 1)
आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness, honesty, sincerity
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ārjava
ārjava - straightforwardness, honesty, sincerity, rectitude
From ṛju (straight) + aṇ
एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding list, implying "and also" or "even" (indeed, only, certainly, also)
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - spiritual or theoretical knowledge (knowledge)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāna
jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding
From root jñā (to know) + ana
Root: jñā (class 9)
विज्ञानम् (vijñānam) - practical or realized wisdom, profound understanding (wisdom, realized knowledge, specific knowledge, discrimination)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of vijñāna
vijñāna - wisdom, intelligence, discriminative knowledge, realized knowledge
vi + jñā + ana
Prefix: vi
Root: jñā (class 9)
आस्तिक्यम् (āstikyam) - faith, piety, belief in God or Veda, conviction
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of āstikya
āstikya - faith, belief in the existence of a soul/God/Vedas, piety
From asti + ṭhak (iya) + ya
ब्रह्मकर्म (brahmakarma) - the duty/action of a Brahmin
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of brahmakarman
brahmakarman - the action or duty of a Brahmin
Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+karman)
- brahman – Brahmin, priest; the Absolute (brahman)
noun (masculine) - karman – action, deed, work, duty (karma)
noun (neuter)
From root kṛ (to do) + man
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: This compound functions as the subject.
स्वभावजम् (svabhāvajam) - born of one's intrinsic nature; inherent
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of svabhāvaja
svabhāvaja - born of one's own nature, inherent, natural
Compound type : tatpurusha (svabhāva+ja)
- svabhāva – one's own nature, intrinsic nature, inherent disposition
noun (masculine) - ja – born, produced from
adjective
From root jan (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Agrees with brahmakarma.