भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-18, verse-35
यया स्वप्नं भयं शोकं विषादं मदमेव च ।
न विमुञ्चति दुर्मेधा धृतिः सा पार्थ तामसी ॥३५॥
न विमुञ्चति दुर्मेधा धृतिः सा पार्थ तामसी ॥३५॥
35. yayā svapnaṁ bhayaṁ śokaṁ viṣādaṁ madameva ca ,
na vimuñcati durmedhā dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī.
na vimuñcati durmedhā dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī.
35.
yayā svapnam bhayam śokam viṣādam madam eva ca
na vimuñcati durmedhā dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī
na vimuñcati durmedhā dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī
35.
pārtha yayā durmedhā svapnam bhayam śokam viṣādam
madam eva ca na vimuñcati sā dhṛtiḥ tāmasī
madam eva ca na vimuñcati sā dhṛtiḥ tāmasī
35.
O Pārtha, that steadfastness (dhṛti) by which a dull-witted person (durmedhā) does not abandon sleep, fear, sorrow, dejection, and even arrogance — that steadfastness is considered to be in the mode of ignorance (tāmasī).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यया (yayā) - by which, with which
- स्वप्नम् (svapnam) - sleep, dream
- भयम् (bhayam) - fear, fright
- शोकम् (śokam) - grief, sorrow
- विषादम् (viṣādam) - dejection, despondency
- मदम् (madam) - arrogance, intoxication, pride
- एव (eva) - even, indeed, only, just
- च (ca) - and, also
- न (na) - not, no
- विमुञ्चति (vimuñcati) - gives up, abandons, releases
- दुर्मेधा (durmedhā) - dull-witted, foolish person, person of bad intellect
- धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - steadfastness, firmness, determination
- सा (sā) - that, she
- पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O Pārtha (Arjuna), son of Pṛthā)
- तामसी (tāmasī) - tāmasika, in the mode of ignorance
Words meanings and morphology
यया (yayā) - by which, with which
(pronoun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of yad
yad - which, who, what
स्वप्नम् (svapnam) - sleep, dream
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of svapna
svapna - sleep, dream, drowsiness
from root svap (to sleep)
Root: svap (class 2)
भयम् (bhayam) - fear, fright
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya
bhaya - fear, dread, danger
from root bhī (to fear)
Root: bhī (class 3)
शोकम् (śokam) - grief, sorrow
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka
śoka - grief, sorrow, lamentation
from root śuc (to sorrow, grieve)
Root: śuc (class 1)
विषादम् (viṣādam) - dejection, despondency
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣāda
viṣāda - dejection, despondency, sadness, despondency
from vi-√sad (to sink down, to be dejected)
Prefix: vi
Root: sad (class 1)
मदम् (madam) - arrogance, intoxication, pride
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of mada
mada - intoxication, passion, pride, arrogance, joy
from root mad (to be glad, to be intoxicated)
Root: mad (class 4)
एव (eva) - even, indeed, only, just
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
विमुञ्चति (vimuñcati) - gives up, abandons, releases
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of muc
Present indicative
root muc, 6th class, Parasmaipada
Prefix: vi
Root: muc (class 6)
दुर्मेधा (durmedhā) - dull-witted, foolish person, person of bad intellect
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of durmedhas
durmedhas - dull-witted, foolish, stupid, ignorant
Compound type : Bahuvrihi (dur+medhas)
- dur – bad, evil, difficult, ill-
indeclinable - medhas – intellect, wisdom, understanding
noun (neuter)
धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - steadfastness, firmness, determination
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of dhṛti
dhṛti - steadfastness, firmness, determination, resolve, courage
from root dhṛ (to hold, sustain)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
सा (sā) - that, she
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, she, it
पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O Pārtha (Arjuna), son of Pṛthā)
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha
pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna
derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī)
तामसी (tāmasī) - tāmasika, in the mode of ignorance
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of tāmasī
tāmasī - belonging to tamas, in the mode of ignorance, dark, ignorant
derived from tamas (ignorance)