भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-18, verse-38
विषयेन्द्रियसंयोगाद्यत्तदग्रेऽमृतोपमम् ।
परिणामे विषमिव तत्सुखं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥३८॥
परिणामे विषमिव तत्सुखं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥३८॥
38. viṣayendriyasaṁyogādyattadagre'mṛtopamam ,
pariṇāme viṣamiva tatsukhaṁ rājasaṁ smṛtam.
pariṇāme viṣamiva tatsukhaṁ rājasaṁ smṛtam.
38.
viṣayendriyasaṃyogāt yat tat agre amṛtopamam
pariṇāme viṣam iva tat sukham rājasam smṛtam
pariṇāme viṣam iva tat sukham rājasam smṛtam
38.
tat sukham yat viṣayendriyasaṃyogāt agre
amṛtopamam pariṇāme viṣam iva rājasam smṛtam
amṛtopamam pariṇāme viṣam iva rājasam smṛtam
38.
That happiness which arises from the contact of the senses with their objects, initially appearing like nectar but ultimately proving to be like poison, is considered to be of the nature of passion (rājasam).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विषयेन्द्रियसंयोगात् (viṣayendriyasaṁyogāt) - from the contact of sense objects and senses
- यत् (yat) - which, that
- तत् (tat) - that
- अग्रे (agre) - in the beginning, at first
- अमृतोपमम् (amṛtopamam) - like nectar, resembling nectar
- परिणामे (pariṇāme) - in the end, in the transformation, in the result
- विषम् (viṣam) - poison
- इव (iva) - like, as, as if
- तत् (tat) - that
- सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, joy
- राजसम् (rājasam) - of the nature of passion, relating to rajas
- स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - remembered, considered, declared
Words meanings and morphology
विषयेन्द्रियसंयोगात् (viṣayendriyasaṁyogāt) - from the contact of sense objects and senses
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of viṣayendriyasaṃyoga
viṣayendriyasaṁyoga - contact of sense objects and senses
Compound of `viṣaya` (sense object), `indriya` (sense organ), and `saṃyoga` (contact).
Compound type : tatpurusha (viṣaya+indriya+saṃyoga)
- viṣaya – object of sense, realm, sphere
noun (masculine)
Prefix: vi
Root: si (class 5) - indriya – sense organ, faculty, power
noun (neuter) - saṃyoga – conjunction, union, contact, connection
noun (masculine)
From `sam` + `yuj` (to join).
Prefix: sam
Root: yuj (class 7)
Note: Ablative singular of the compound `viṣayendriyasaṃyoga`.
यत् (yat) - which, that
(pronoun)
neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, that
Note: Neuter singular nominative or accusative of `yad`.
तत् (tat) - that
(pronoun)
neuter, singular of tad
tad - that
Note: Neuter singular nominative or accusative of `tad`.
अग्रे (agre) - in the beginning, at first
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of agra
agra - front, tip, beginning
Note: Locative singular of `agra`.
अमृतोपमम् (amṛtopamam) - like nectar, resembling nectar
(adjective)
neuter, singular of amṛtopama
amṛtopama - resembling nectar, comparable to nectar
Tatpurusha compound: `amṛta` (nectar) + `upama` (likeness).
Compound type : tatpurusha (amṛta+upama)
- amṛta – nectar, immortality, imperishable
noun (neuter)
Formed with negation 'a-' + root 'mṛ' (to die).
Prefix: a
Root: mṛ - upama – comparison, likeness, simile
noun (feminine)
Prefix: upa
Root: mā (class 2)
Note: Neuter singular nominative/accusative, modifying `sukham`.
परिणामे (pariṇāme) - in the end, in the transformation, in the result
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of pariṇāma
pariṇāma - change, transformation, result, end
Prefix: pari
Root: nam (class 1)
Note: Locative singular of `pariṇāma`.
विषम् (viṣam) - poison
(noun)
neuter, singular of viṣa
viṣa - poison
Note: Nominative/accusative singular of `viṣa`.
इव (iva) - like, as, as if
(indeclinable)
तत् (tat) - that
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that
Note: Neuter singular nominative.
सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, joy
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha
sukha - happiness, pleasure, joy, ease
Note: Nominative singular of `sukha`.
राजसम् (rājasam) - of the nature of passion, relating to rajas
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of rājasa
rājasa - relating to rajas, passionate, spirited
Derived from `rajas` with `aṇ` suffix.
Note: Neuter singular nominative, modifying `sukham`.
स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - remembered, considered, declared
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of smṛta
smṛta - remembered, recollected, considered
Past Passive Participle
From root `smṛ` (to remember).
Root: smṛ (class 1)
Note: Neuter singular nominative, used passively ('is considered').