योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-117, verse-18

यज्जाग्रतो मनोराज्यं जाग्रत्स्वप्नः स उच्यते ।
द्विचन्द्रशुक्तिकारूप्यमृगतृष्णादिभेदतः ॥ १८ ॥

yajjāgrato manorājyaṃ jāgratsvapnaḥ sa ucyate ,
dvicandraśuktikārūpyamṛgatṛṣṇādibhedataḥ 18

18. yat jāgrataḥ manorājyam jāgrat-svapnaḥ saḥ
ucyate dvicandraśuktikarūpyamṛgatṛṣṇādibhedataḥ

18. jāgrataḥ yat manorājyam,
saḥ jāgrat-svapnaḥ ucyate.
dvicandraśuktikarūpyamṛgatṛṣṇādibhedataḥ.

18. What constitutes the daydreaming (manorājyam) of a waking person, that is called the 'waking dream' (jāgrat-svapna). It is characterized by illusions such as seeing two moons, silver in a conch shell, and mirages, among other varieties.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - what (as a relative pronoun referring to 'manorājyam') (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

• जाग्रतः (jāgrataḥ) - of a waking person (of the waking person, of one who is awake)

• मनोराज्यम् (manorājyam) - daydreaming (manorājyam), mental kingdom (mind's kingdom, daydream, fancy)

• जाग्रत्-स्वप्नः (jāgrat-svapnaḥ) - waking dream (jāgrat-svapna) (waking dream)

• सः (saḥ) - that (referring to 'manorājyam') (that, he (demonstrative pronoun))

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is called, is said, is designated)

• द्विचन्द्रशुक्तिकरूप्यमृगतृष्णादिभेदतः (dvicandraśuktikarūpyamṛgatṛṣṇādibhedataḥ) - due to varieties such as seeing two moons, silver in a conch shell, and mirages (due to distinctions like two moons, shell-silver, mirage etc.)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - what (as a relative pronoun referring to 'manorājyam') (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'manorājyam'.

जाग्रतः (jāgrataḥ) - of a waking person (of the waking person, of one who is awake)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jāgrat

jāgrat - waking, awake, watchful; a waking person or being

Present Active Participle

From root jāgṛ (to wake)

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

Note: Functions as a noun in the genitive case, modifying 'manorājyam'.

मनोराज्यम् (manorājyam) - daydreaming (manorājyam), mental kingdom (mind's kingdom, daydream, fancy)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manorājya

manorājya - mind's kingdom, mental empire, daydream, fancy

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (manas+rājya)

• manas – mind, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
• rājya – kingdom, rule, sovereignty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

जाग्रत्-स्वप्नः (jāgrat-svapnaḥ) - waking dream (jāgrat-svapna) (waking dream)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāgrat-svapna

jāgrat-svapna - waking dream, a dream-like state experienced while awake, daydream

Compound type : karmadhāraya (jāgrat+svapna)

• jāgrat – waking, awake
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root jāgṛ (to wake)
  Root: jāgṛ (class 2)
• svapna – sleep, dream, dreaming
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'saḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - that (referring to 'manorājyam') (that, he (demonstrative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'manorājyam' but takes masculine gender to agree with 'jāgrat-svapnaḥ'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is called, is said, is designated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present Passive

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

द्विचन्द्रशुक्तिकरूप्यमृगतृष्णादिभेदतः (dvicandraśuktikarūpyamṛgatṛṣṇādibhedataḥ) - due to varieties such as seeing two moons, silver in a conch shell, and mirages (due to distinctions like two moons, shell-silver, mirage etc.)

(indeclinable)

From a long compound of examples + -tas suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvicandra+śuktikarūpya+mṛgatṛṣṇā+ādi+bhedatas)

• dvicandra – two moons (illusion of seeing two moons)
  noun (masculine)
• śuktikarūpya – shell-silver (illusion of seeing silver in a conch shell)
  noun (neuter)
• mṛgatṛṣṇā – mirage (deer's thirst)
  noun (feminine)
• ādi – beginning, et cetera, and so on
  indeclinable
• bhedatas – from distinction, by means of difference, due to variety
  indeclinable
  From bheda (distinction) + -tas suffix

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating the cause or manner.

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