वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-58, verse-4

कुशमुष्टिमुपादाय लवं चैव तु स द्विजः ।
वाल्मीकिः प्रददौ ताभ्यां रक्षां भूतविनाशिनीम् ॥४॥

4. kuśamuṣṭimupādāya lavaṃ caiva tu sa dvijaḥ ,
vālmīkiḥ pradadau tābhyāṃ rakṣāṃ bhūtavināśinīm.

4. kuśamuṣṭim upādāya lavam ca eva tu saḥ dvijaḥ
vālmīkiḥ pradadau tābhyām rakṣām bhūtavināśinīm

4. ca eva tu saḥ dvijaḥ vālmīkiḥ kuśamuṣṭim upādāya
lavam tābhyām bhūtavināśinīm rakṣām pradadau

4. And that twice-born (dvija) Valmiki, having taken a handful of kuśa grass and also Lava, bestowed upon those two a protection that destroys spirits.

Words meanings summery:

• कुशमुष्टिम् (kuśamuṣṭim) - a handful of kuśa grass

• उपादाय (upādāya) - having taken (having taken, having seized)

• लवम् (lavam) - Lava (the name of the younger child) (Lava (name), fragment, a cutting)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, also (indeed, only, just)

• तु (tu) - and (as a particle for emphasis or conjunction) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• सः (saḥ) - that (Valmiki) (he, that)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the twice-born (sage Valmiki) (twice-born, Brahmin, bird)

• वाल्मीकिः (vālmīkiḥ) - Valmiki (the sage) (Valmiki (proper name))

• प्रददौ (pradadau) - he bestowed (he gave, he bestowed)

• ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - for the two of them (the children) (to/for them (dual))

• रक्षाम् (rakṣām) - a protection (protection, guarding)

• भूतविनाशिनीम् (bhūtavināśinīm) - that which destroys spirits (spirit-destroying, ghost-destroying)

Words meanings and morphology

कुशमुष्टिम् (kuśamuṣṭim) - a handful of kuśa grass

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kuśamuṣṭi

kuśamuṣṭi - a handful of kuśa grass

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuśa+muṣṭi)

• kuśa – a type of sacred grass
  noun (masculine)
• muṣṭi – fist, handful
  noun (feminine)

उपादाय (upādāya) - having taken (having taken, having seized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from upa-ā-√dā + -ya

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

लवम् (lavam) - Lava (the name of the younger child) (Lava (name), fragment, a cutting)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lava

lava - Lava (proper name), a cutting, fragment

From √lū (to cut)

Root: lū (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, also (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - and (as a particle for emphasis or conjunction) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that (Valmiki) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the twice-born (sage Valmiki) (twice-born, Brahmin, bird)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born, Brahmin, bird

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from √jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

वाल्मीकिः (vālmīkiḥ) - Valmiki (the sage) (Valmiki (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vālmīki

vālmīki - Valmiki (a famous sage, author of Ramayana)

प्रददौ (pradadau) - he bestowed (he gave, he bestowed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dā

Perfect third person singular

Perfect tense of √dā with upasarga 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - for the two of them (the children) (to/for them (dual))

(pronoun)

dual of tad

tad - that, this

रक्षाम् (rakṣām) - a protection (protection, guarding)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rakṣā

rakṣā - protection, guard, safety

From √rakṣ

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

भूतविनाशिनीम् (bhūtavināśinīm) - that which destroys spirits (spirit-destroying, ghost-destroying)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūtavināśinī

bhūtavināśinī - spirit-destroying, ghost-destroying

From bhūta (spirit/ghost) + vināśin (destroying)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+vināśin)

• bhūta – ghost, spirit, being, element
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• vināśin – destroying, ruinous
  adjective (masculine)
  From vi-√naś
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)

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