वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-74, verse-5

ते स्ववारं समास्थाय वर्त्मकर्माणि कोविदाः ।
करणैर्विविधोपेतैः पुरस्तात् संप्रतस्थिरे ॥५॥

5. te svavāraṃ samāsthāya vartmakarmāṇi kovidāḥ ,
karaṇairvividhopetaiḥ purastāt saṃpratasthire.

5. te svavāram samāsthāya vartmakarmāṇi kovidāḥ
karaṇaiḥ vividhopetaiḥ purastāt sampratastire

5. vartmakarmāṇi kovidāḥ te svavāram samāsthāya
vividhopetaiḥ karaṇaiḥ purastāt sampratastire

5. Having taken up their respective turns (or duties), those skilled in road construction work, equipped with various tools, set out ahead.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they

• स्ववारम् (svavāram) - their own turn, their own duty

• समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having taken up, having assumed, having resorted to

• वर्त्मकर्माणि (vartmakarmāṇi) - road construction works, duties related to paths

• कोविदाः (kovidāḥ) - skilled, expert, wise

• करणैः (karaṇaiḥ) - with instruments, by means of tools

• विविधोपेतैः (vividhopetaiḥ) - equipped with various (things)

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - from before, in front, ahead

• सम्प्रतस्तिरे (sampratastire) - they set forth, they departed

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative/personal pronoun)

स्ववारम् (svavāram) - their own turn, their own duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svavāra

svavāra - one's own turn, one's own lot/duty

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+vāra)

• sva – own, self, personal
  adjective
• vāra – turn, time, occasion, duty, lot
  noun (masculine)

समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having taken up, having assumed, having resorted to

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Compound verb formed with prefixes sam and ā, and root sthā.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

वर्त्मकर्माणि (vartmakarmāṇi) - road construction works, duties related to paths

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vartmakarman

vartmakarman - road work, path work

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vartman+karman)

• vartman – road, path, way, track
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• karman – work, action, deed (karma), duty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of skill for 'kovidāḥ'.

कोविदाः (kovidāḥ) - skilled, expert, wise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kovida

kovida - skilled, expert, wise, knowing

Note: Agreeing with the implied 'they' (te).

करणैः (karaṇaiḥ) - with instruments, by means of tools

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of karaṇa

karaṇa - instrument, tool, means, cause, action

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विविधोपेतैः (vividhopetaiḥ) - equipped with various (things)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vividhopeta

vividhopeta - equipped with various things, possessing various (things), endowed with diversity

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vividha+upeta)

• vividha – various, manifold, diverse, different
  adjective
• upeta – endowed with, possessed of, furnished with, approached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root i with prefix upa.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agreeing with 'karaṇaiḥ'.

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - from before, in front, ahead

(indeclinable)

सम्प्रतस्तिरे (sampratastire) - they set forth, they departed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sam-pra-sthā

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Ātmanepada form of the perfect tense.