वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-100, verse-7

पित्र्यं राज्यं समुत्सृज्य स नार्हति नरोत्तम ।
आस्थातुं कापथं दुःखं विषमं बहुकण्टकम् ॥७॥

7. pitryaṃ rājyaṃ samutsṛjya sa nārhati narottama ,
āsthātuṃ kāpathaṃ duḥkhaṃ viṣamaṃ bahukaṇṭakam.

7. pitryam rājyam samutsṛjya saḥ na arhati narottama
āsthātum kāpatham duḥkham viṣamam bahukaṇṭakam

7. narottama,
pitryam rājyam samutsṛjya,
saḥ duḥkham viṣamam bahukaṇṭakam kāpatham āsthātum na arhati

7. Having completely abandoned your ancestral kingdom, O best of men, you should not resort to a wrong path that is painful, difficult, and full of many thorns.

Words meanings summery:

• पित्र्यम् (pitryam) - ancestral (paternal, ancestral, belonging to a father)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

• समुत्सृज्य (samutsṛjya) - having completely abandoned (having completely abandoned, having given up entirely)

• सः (saḥ) - you (referring to Rama) (he, that)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अर्हति (arhati) - should not (deserve/resort) (deserves, is worthy, ought, is able)

• नरोत्तम (narottama) - O best of men (vocative, referring to Rama) (O best of men)

• आस्थातुम् (āsthātum) - to resort to (to resort to, to take up, to enter)

• कापथम् (kāpatham) - a wrong path (a bad path, wrong path, evil way)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - painful (painful, sorrowful, misery, suffering)

• विषमम् (viṣamam) - difficult (uneven, difficult, dangerous, unequal)

• बहुकण्टकम् (bahukaṇṭakam) - full of many thorns (full of many thorns, very thorny)

Words meanings and morphology

पित्र्यम् (pitryam) - ancestral (paternal, ancestral, belonging to a father)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pitrya

pitrya - paternal, ancestral, belonging to a father

derived from pitṛ (father)

Note: Qualifies 'rājyam'.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule, realm

derived from rājan (king)

Note: Object of 'samutsṛjya'.

समुत्सृज्य (samutsṛjya) - having completely abandoned (having completely abandoned, having given up entirely)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

upasargas sam-ut + root sṛj + lyap suffix

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

सः (saḥ) - you (referring to Rama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, she, it, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Although 'saḥ' is 3rd person, it is often used loosely for 2nd person when addressing someone directly, especially in poetic or hortatory contexts.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अर्हति (arhati) - should not (deserve/resort) (deserves, is worthy, ought, is able)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: With an infinitive, it expresses capability or desirability.

नरोत्तम (narottama) - O best of men (vocative, referring to Rama) (O best of men)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narottama

narottama - best of men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+uttama)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Compound of 'nara' (man) and 'uttama' (best).

आस्थातुम् (āsthātum) - to resort to (to resort to, to take up, to enter)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

upasarga ā + root sthā + tumun suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Governed by 'arhati'.

कापथम् (kāpatham) - a wrong path (a bad path, wrong path, evil way)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāpatha

kāpatha - a bad path, wrong path, evil way

Compound type : tatpurusha (ka+patha)

• ka – bad, evil, wicked (prefix)
  indeclinable
• patha – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'āsthātum'.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - painful (painful, sorrowful, misery, suffering)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, sorrow, suffering, misery, painful, sorrowful

Note: Qualifies 'kāpatham'.

विषमम् (viṣamam) - difficult (uneven, difficult, dangerous, unequal)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of viṣama

viṣama - uneven, difficult, dangerous, unequal, adverse

prefix vi + sama

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+sama)

• vi – apart, asunder, away (prefix)
  indeclinable
• sama – even, equal, similar
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'kāpatham'.

बहुकण्टकम् (bahukaṇṭakam) - full of many thorns (full of many thorns, very thorny)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahukaṇṭaka

bahukaṇṭaka - full of many thorns, very thorny

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+kaṇṭaka)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective (neuter)
• kaṇṭaka – thorn, prickle, difficulty
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'kāpatham'.

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