वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-100, verse-4

तस्मान्माता पिता चेति राम सज्जेत यो नरः ।
उन्मत्त इव स ज्ञेयो नास्ति का चिद्धि कस्य चित् ॥४॥

4. tasmānmātā pitā ceti rāma sajjeta yo naraḥ ,
unmatta iva sa jñeyo nāsti kā ciddhi kasya cit.

4. tasmāt mātā pitā ca iti rāma sajjeta yaḥ naraḥ
unmattaḥ iva saḥ jñeyaḥ na asti kā cit hi kasya cit

4. rāma tasmāt yaḥ naraḥ mātā pitā ca iti sajjeta saḥ
unmattaḥ iva jñeyaḥ hi kasya cit kā cit na asti

4. Therefore, O Rama, any person who becomes attached to 'mother and father' should be considered like a madman, for truly, nothing belongs to anyone.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

• माता (mātā) - mother

• पिता (pitā) - father

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• इति (iti) - thus, indicating quotation (thus, so, in this manner, marking quotation)

• राम (rāma) - O Rama (vocative) (O Rama)

• सज्जेत (sajjeta) - should become attached (one should be attached, one should cling)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (refers to 'naraḥ') (who, which)

• नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person)

• उन्मत्तः (unmattaḥ) - like a madman (mad, insane, infatuated)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - should be known/considered (to be known, to be understood)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अस्ति (asti) - exists (is, exists)

• का (kā) - anything (with 'cit') (what, who (fem.))

• चित् (cit) - makes 'kā' indefinite (anything) (particle indicating indefiniteness)

• हि (hi) - for, truly (indeed, surely, for, because)

• कस्य (kasya) - of anyone (with 'cit') (whose, of whom)

• चित् (cit) - makes 'kasya' indefinite (of anyone) (particle indicating indefiniteness)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

(indeclinable)

ablative form of 'tad' used as an indeclinable adverb

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, indicating quotation (thus, so, in this manner, marking quotation)

(indeclinable)

राम (rāma) - O Rama (vocative) (O Rama)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of the epic hero)

सज्जेत (sajjeta) - should become attached (one should be attached, one should cling)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of saj

Root: saj (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who (refers to 'naraḥ') (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, male, human being

उन्मत्तः (unmattaḥ) - like a madman (mad, insane, infatuated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of unmatta

unmatta - mad, insane, infatuated, intoxicated

Past Passive Participle

derived from ud-mad (to be mad, intoxicated)

Prefix: ud

Root: mad (class 4)

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, she, it, that (demonstrative pronoun)

ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - should be known/considered (to be known, to be understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, to be understood, knowable

Gerundive

root jñā + suffix -eya

Root: jñā (class 9)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - exists (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

का (kā) - anything (with 'cit') (what, who (fem.))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which (interrogative pronoun)

Note: Used with 'cit' to form indefinite pronoun 'kācit' (anything, something).

चित् (cit) - makes 'kā' indefinite (anything) (particle indicating indefiniteness)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - for, truly (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

कस्य (kasya) - of anyone (with 'cit') (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which (interrogative pronoun)

Note: Used with 'cit' to form indefinite pronoun 'kasyacit' (of anyone).

चित् (cit) - makes 'kasya' indefinite (of anyone) (particle indicating indefiniteness)

(indeclinable)

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