वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-100, verse-13

अष्टका पितृदैवत्यमित्ययं प्रसृतो जनः ।
अन्नस्योपद्रवं पश्य मृतो हि किमशिष्यति ॥१३॥

13. aṣṭakā pitṛdaivatyamityayaṃ prasṛto janaḥ ,
annasyopadravaṃ paśya mṛto hi kimaśiṣyati.

13. aṣṭakā pitṛdaivatyam iti ayam prasṛtaḥ janaḥ
annasya upadravam paśya mṛtaḥ hi kim aśiṣyati

13. ayam janaḥ prasṛtaḥ iti aṣṭakā pitṛdaivatyam
annasya upadravam paśya hi mṛtaḥ kim aśiṣyati

13. This belief has spread among people that the aṣṭaka rites are for the ancestral deities. Observe the waste of food! Indeed, what will a dead person consume?

Words meanings summery:

• अष्टका (aṣṭakā) - the aṣṭaka rites (eight-day ceremony, rites for ancestors)

• पितृदैवत्यम् (pitṛdaivatyam) - for the ancestral deities (having ancestors as deities, sacred to the pitṛs)

• इति (iti) - that (introducing a statement) (thus, so, a particle used to denote the end of a quote or thought)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (this (masculine singular))

• प्रसृतः (prasṛtaḥ) - has spread, is prevalent (spread, prevalent, extended)

• जनः (janaḥ) - people (person, people, mankind, folk)

• अन्नस्य (annasya) - of food (of food, of grain)

• उपद्रवम् (upadravam) - waste (trouble, calamity, waste, harm)

• पश्य (paśya) - observe (see, behold, observe (imperative))

• मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - a dead person (dead (person))

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

• अशिष्यति (aśiṣyati) - will consume (will eat, will consume)

Words meanings and morphology

अष्टका (aṣṭakā) - the aṣṭaka rites (eight-day ceremony, rites for ancestors)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aṣṭakā

aṣṭakā - 8th day, a particular ancestral rite performed on the 8th day after a full moon

पितृदैवत्यम् (pitṛdaivatyam) - for the ancestral deities (having ancestors as deities, sacred to the pitṛs)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pitṛdaivatya

pitṛdaivatya - having pitṛs (ancestors) as deities; sacred to the pitṛs

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pitṛ+daivatya)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor, forefathers
  noun (masculine)
• daivatya – divine, relating to a deity
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Here, it functions predicatively, hence nominative or accusative.

इति (iti) - that (introducing a statement) (thus, so, a particle used to denote the end of a quote or thought)

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this (this (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

प्रसृतः (prasṛtaḥ) - has spread, is prevalent (spread, prevalent, extended)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasṛta

prasṛta - spread, extended, prevalent, diffused, sprung forth

Past Passive Participle

derived from root sṛ with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: sṛ (class 1)

जनः (janaḥ) - people (person, people, mankind, folk)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, folk, man, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

अन्नस्य (annasya) - of food (of food, of grain)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, grain

Root: ad (class 2)

उपद्रवम् (upadravam) - waste (trouble, calamity, waste, harm)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upadrava

upadrava - trouble, calamity, disturbance, oppression, waste

Prefix: upa

Root: dru (class 1)

पश्य (paśya) - observe (see, behold, observe (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

imperative, active voice, 2nd person singular

present stem paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - a dead person (dead (person))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased

Past Passive Participle

derived from root mṛ

Root: mṛ (class 6)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, how

अशिष्यति (aśiṣyati) - will consume (will eat, will consume)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of aś

future tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

derived from root aś

Root: aś (class 9)

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