महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-83, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तथा दूतैः समाज्ञाय आयान्तं मधुसूदनम् ।
धृतराष्ट्रोऽब्रवीद्भीष्ममर्चयित्वा महाभुजम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tathā dūtaiḥ samājñāya āyāntaṁ madhusūdanam ,
dhṛtarāṣṭro'bravīdbhīṣmamarcayitvā mahābhujam.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tathā dūtaiḥ samājñāya āyāntam madhusūdanam
dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ abravīt bhīṣmam arcayitvā mahābhujam

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Having thus learned from the messengers that Madhusūdana (Krishna) was approaching, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, after honoring the mighty-armed Bhīṣma, spoke.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner

• दूतैः (dūtaiḥ) - by messengers

• समाज्ञाय (samājñāya) - having known, having learned, having understood

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - coming, approaching

• मधुसूदनम् (madhusūdanam) - Madhusūdana (Krishna) (Madhusūdana (an epithet of Krishna))

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru elder)

• अर्चयित्वा (arcayitvā) - having honored, having worshipped

• महाभुजम् (mahābhujam) - the mighty-armed (Bhīṣma) (mighty-armed, great-armed)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a famous sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

Root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

दूतैः (dūtaiḥ) - by messengers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dūta

dūta - messenger, envoy, emissary

समाज्ञाय (samājñāya) - having known, having learned, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root jñā (to know) with prefixes sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - coming, approaching

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānt

āyānt - coming, approaching, moving towards

Present Active Participle

Derived from root yā (to go) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

मधुसूदनम् (madhusūdanam) - Madhusūdana (Krishna) (Madhusūdana (an epithet of Krishna))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madhusūdana

madhusūdana - Madhusūdana (an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna, meaning 'slayer of the demon Madhu')

Compound type : tatpurusha (madhu+sūdana)

• madhu – honey, sweet, a demon's name
  noun (masculine)
• sūdana – destroying, slayer, killer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root sūd (to destroy, kill)
  Root: sūd (class 10)

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king of Hastinapura in the Mahābhārata)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold, bear)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, nation
  noun (neuter)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Imperfect

Root bru (to speak)

Root: bru (class 2)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru elder)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a revered patriarch of the Kuru dynasty in the Mahābhārata)

अर्चयित्वा (arcayitvā) - having honored, having worshipped

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) of causative

Causative of root arc (to honor, worship)

Root: arc (class 1)

महाभुजम् (mahābhujam) - the mighty-armed (Bhīṣma) (mighty-armed, great-armed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābhuja

mahābhuja - having great arms, mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bhuja)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• bhuja – arm, hand, serpent
  noun (masculine)