महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-5, chapter-66, verse-4
नरकं शम्बरं चैव कंसं चैद्यं च माधवः ।
जितवान्घोरसंकाशान्क्रीडन्निव जनार्दनः ॥४॥
जितवान्घोरसंकाशान्क्रीडन्निव जनार्दनः ॥४॥
4. narakaṁ śambaraṁ caiva kaṁsaṁ caidyaṁ ca mādhavaḥ ,
jitavānghorasaṁkāśānkrīḍanniva janārdanaḥ.
jitavānghorasaṁkāśānkrīḍanniva janārdanaḥ.
4.
narakaṃ śambaraṃ ca eva kaṃsaṃ caidyaṃ ca mādhavaḥ
jitavān ghorasaṃkāśān krīḍan iva janārdanaḥ
jitavān ghorasaṃkāśān krīḍan iva janārdanaḥ
4.
Mādhava (Krishna), Janārdana, conquered Naraka, Śambara, Kaṃsa, and Caidya—all terrifying figures—as if merely playing.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- नरकं (narakaṁ) - Naraka (a demon)
- शम्बरं (śambaraṁ) - Śambara (a demon)
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - Emphasizing "and", meaning "and also". (indeed, only, just, also)
- कंसं (kaṁsaṁ) - Kaṃsa (a king/demon)
- चैद्यं (caidyaṁ) - Caidya (Śiśupāla, king of Cedis)
- च (ca) - and
- माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Mādhava (a name of Krishna)
- जितवान् (jitavān) - conquered, victorious
- घोरसंकाशान् (ghorasaṁkāśān) - Refers to the demons/kings (Naraka, Śambara, Kaṃsa, Caidya). (terrible-looking, fearsome in appearance)
- क्रीडन् (krīḍan) - playing, amusing oneself
- इव (iva) - as if, like, as
- जनार्दनः (janārdanaḥ) - Janārdana (a name of Krishna)
Words meanings and morphology
नरकं (narakaṁ) - Naraka (a demon)
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of naraka
naraka - a demon named Naraka
शम्बरं (śambaraṁ) - Śambara (a demon)
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of śambara
śambara - a demon named Śambara
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - Emphasizing "and", meaning "and also". (indeed, only, just, also)
(indeclinable)
कंसं (kaṁsaṁ) - Kaṃsa (a king/demon)
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of kaṃsa
kaṁsa - a king/demon named Kaṃsa
चैद्यं (caidyaṁ) - Caidya (Śiśupāla, king of Cedis)
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of caidya
caidya - Caidya (a king/demon, Śiśupāla)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Mādhava (a name of Krishna)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mādhava
mādhava - descendant of Madhu, a name of Krishna
जितवान् (jitavān) - conquered, victorious
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jitavat
jitavat - victorious, one who has conquered
Past Active Participle
Derived from root √ji (to conquer) with suffix -tavat
Root: ji (class 1)
Note: Nominative singular masculine of jitavat.
घोरसंकाशान् (ghorasaṁkāśān) - Refers to the demons/kings (Naraka, Śambara, Kaṃsa, Caidya). (terrible-looking, fearsome in appearance)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of ghorasaṃkāśa
ghorasaṁkāśa - of terrible appearance, dreadful-looking
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ghora+saṃkāśa)
- ghora – terrible, dreadful, fearful
adjective (masculine) - saṃkāśa – resemblance, appearance
noun (masculine)
Prefix: sam
Root: kāś (class 1)
क्रीडन् (krīḍan) - playing, amusing oneself
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of krīḍat
krīḍat - playing, one who plays
Present Active Participle
Derived from root √krīḍ (to play) with suffix -śatṛ
Root: krīḍ (class 1)
Note: Nominative singular masculine of krīḍat.
इव (iva) - as if, like, as
(indeclinable)
जनार्दनः (janārdanaḥ) - Janārdana (a name of Krishna)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of janārdana
janārdana - agitator of men, a name of Krishna/Vishnu