महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-53, verse-4

पिता श्रेष्ठः सुहृद्यश्च सम्यक्प्रणिहितात्मवान् ।
आस्थेयं हि हितं तेन न द्रोग्धा गुरुरुच्यते ॥४॥

4. pitā śreṣṭhaḥ suhṛdyaśca samyakpraṇihitātmavān ,
āstheyaṁ hi hitaṁ tena na drogdhā gururucyate.

4. pitā śreṣṭhaḥ suhṛdyaḥ ca samyak-praṇihita-ātmavān
āstheyam hi hitam tena na drogdhā guruḥ ucyate

4. A father who is superior and a true well-wisher, one whose self (ātman) is well-directed, indeed, beneficial advice should be followed from him. One who is not a deceiver is called a preceptor (guru).

Words meanings summery:

• पिता (pitā) - father

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, most excellent, superior

• सुहृद्यः (suhṛdyaḥ) - good-hearted, friendly, a good friend

• च (ca) - and

• सम्यक्-प्रणिहित-आत्मवान् (samyak-praṇihita-ātmavān) - Describes the ideal qualities of a father/guru. (one whose self is well-directed, one who has a well-controlled mind)

• आस्थेयम् (āstheyam) - Beneficial advice should be followed. (that which should be followed/relied upon, worthy of acceptance)

• हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, surely)

• हितम् (hitam) - Beneficial advice or counsel. (beneficial, welfare, advice)

• तेन (tena) - By the described father/friend. (by him, by that)

• न (na) - not

• द्रोग्धा (drogdhā) - The opposite of a true guru. (deceiver, one who injures, betrayer)

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - One who teaches spiritual knowledge, venerable person. (preceptor, teacher, guru, heavy, venerable)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

Words meanings and morphology

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, most excellent, superior

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, superior

Superlative form of praśasya (excellent)

सुहृद्यः (suhṛdyaḥ) - good-hearted, friendly, a good friend

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suhṛdya

suhṛdya - good-hearted, friendly, a good friend, well-wisher

Derivative of suhṛd (good heart/friend)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सम्यक्-प्रणिहित-आत्मवान् (samyak-praṇihita-ātmavān) - Describes the ideal qualities of a father/guru. (one whose self is well-directed, one who has a well-controlled mind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samyak-praṇihita-ātmavat

samyak-praṇihita-ātmavat - having a well-directed self/mind, well-controlled

possessive adjective (mat-pratyaya)

Compound of samyak (properly), praṇihita (directed), and ātmavat (having a self)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (samyak+praṇihita+ātman+vat)

• samyak – properly, well, correctly, completely
  indeclinable
• praṇihita – placed, directed, fixed, well-disposed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra-ni- + dhā (to place)
  Prefixes: pra+ni
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an
• vat – possessing, having
  suffix
  Possessive suffix

आस्थेयम् (āstheyam) - Beneficial advice should be followed. (that which should be followed/relied upon, worthy of acceptance)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āstheya

āstheya - to be stood upon, to be relied on, to be followed, to be observed

Gerundive (karmaṇi pratyaya)

Gerundive form from ā- + sthā (to stand/stay)

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Null here for tense/mode, as it describes potential/obligation rather than a specific time. Gerundive indicates "should be done".

हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, surely)

(indeclinable)

हितम् (hitam) - Beneficial advice or counsel. (beneficial, welfare, advice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, advantageous, welfare, advice

Past Passive Participle

From dhā (to place) with prefix hi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Null here for tense/mode as it's a participle/noun.

तेन (tena) - By the described father/friend. (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Instrumental singular form, masculine/neuter

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

द्रोग्धा (drogdhā) - The opposite of a true guru. (deceiver, one who injures, betrayer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drogdhṛ

drogdhṛ - deceiver, injurer, betrayer, one who seeks to harm

Agent noun

From root druh (to injure, deceive)

Root: druh

गुरुः (guruḥ) - One who teaches spiritual knowledge, venerable person. (preceptor, teacher, guru, heavy, venerable)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - preceptor, teacher, spiritual guide (guru), heavy, venerable, important

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

Present Passive

Present tense form, 3rd person singular, passive voice

Root: vac (class 2)