महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-53, verse-12

अस्यतां फल्गुनः श्रेष्ठो गाण्डीवं धनुषां वरम् ।
केशवः सर्वभूतानां चक्राणां च सुदर्शनम् ॥१२॥

12. asyatāṁ phalgunaḥ śreṣṭho gāṇḍīvaṁ dhanuṣāṁ varam ,
keśavaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ cakrāṇāṁ ca sudarśanam.

12. asyatām phalgunaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ gāṇḍīvam dhanuṣām
varam keśavaḥ sarvabhūtānām cakrāṇām ca sudarśanam

12. Let Arjuna be declared the most excellent, the Gaṇḍīva the best of bows. Keśava (is the best) of all beings, and Sudarśana (is the best) of discus weapons.

Words meanings summery:

• अस्यताम् (asyatām) - Let these declarations be established. (let them be thrown, let them be placed, let them be established (as facts))

• फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - the best, most excellent

• गाण्डीवम् (gāṇḍīvam) - the Gaṇḍīva bow

• धनुषाम् (dhanuṣām) - of bows

• वरम् (varam) - the best, excellent

• केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Krishna, having long or beautiful hair

• सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

• चक्राणाम् (cakrāṇām) - of discus weapons

• च (ca) - and

• सुदर्शनम् (sudarśanam) - Sudarśana (Krishna's discus), beautiful to behold

Words meanings and morphology

अस्यताम् (asyatām) - Let these declarations be established. (let them be thrown, let them be placed, let them be established (as facts))

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, imperative (loṭ) of √as

Imperative mood, Passive voice

3rd person plural, Imperative mood, Passive voice.

Root: as (class 4)

फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (one of the names of Arjuna)

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - the best, most excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, superior, chief

Superlative degree of śrī (prosperity, excellence).

Root: śrī

Note: Predicate adjective for `phalgunaḥ`.

गाण्डीवम् (gāṇḍīvam) - the Gaṇḍīva bow

(proper noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gāṇḍīva

gāṇḍīva - the Gaṇḍīva bow (Arjuna's famous bow)

धनुषाम् (dhanuṣām) - of bows

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of dhanus

dhanus - bow, weapon

Note: Indicates comparison, 'best among bows'.

वरम् (varam) - the best, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon, bridegroom

Comparative/superlative sense.

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for `gāṇḍīvam`.

केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Krishna, having long or beautiful hair

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Krishna, Vishnu (lit. 'having fine hair' or 'slayer of the demon Keśī')

Note: Implied predicate 'is best' or 'is lord'.

सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

(noun)

Genitive, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, entire
  adjective (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  From √bhū (to be, to become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to all living beings; implies Keśava is the lord or best of them.

चक्राणाम् (cakrāṇām) - of discus weapons

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of cakra

cakra - discus, wheel, circle, army corps

Root: kṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates comparison, 'best among chakras'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सुदर्शनम् (sudarśanam) - Sudarśana (Krishna's discus), beautiful to behold

(proper noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sudarśana

sudarśana - Sudarśana (the discus of Vishnu/Krishna), beautiful, auspicious

From 'su' (good, well) + 'darśana' (seeing, sight, appearance).

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+darśana)

• su – good, well, beautiful
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'good' or 'well'
• darśana – seeing, sight, appearance, vision
  noun (neuter)
  Agent noun/Action noun
  From √dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Implied predicate 'is best'.