महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-9, verse-12

कथं वा मन्यते भीष्मो द्रोणो वा विदुरोऽपि वा ।
भवान्वात्र क्षमं कार्यं पुरा चार्थोऽतिवर्तते ॥१२॥

12. kathaṁ vā manyate bhīṣmo droṇo vā viduro'pi vā ,
bhavānvātra kṣamaṁ kāryaṁ purā cārtho'tivartate.

12. katham vā manyate bhīṣmaḥ droṇaḥ vā viduraḥ api vā
bhavān vā atra kṣamam kāryam purā ca arthaḥ ativartate

12. How do Bhishma, Drona, or Vidura, or even you, regard this action as appropriate, before the objective (artha) is violated?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

• वा (vā) - or, either, and, like, as if

• मन्यते (manyate) - he thinks, he believes, he considers

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• वा (vā) - or, either, and, like, as if

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

• अपि (api) - also, even, too, moreover

• वा (vā) - or, either, and, like, as if

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)

• वा (vā) - or, either, and, like, as if

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, in this place

• क्षमम् (kṣamam) - suitable, proper, fit, capable, well-being

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - action, deed, business, what is to be done

• पुरा (purā) - before, formerly, in ancient times

• च (ca) - and, also

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - objective (artha) (purpose, meaning, object, wealth, affair)

• अतिवर्तते (ativartate) - transgresses, passes beyond, violates, disregards

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either, and, like, as if

(indeclinable)

मन्यते (manyate) - he thinks, he believes, he considers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Tense

Root man (to think) in present middle voice.

Root: man (class 4)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper noun)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (proper noun)

वा (vā) - or, either, and, like, as if

(indeclinable)

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (proper noun)

अपि (api) - also, even, too, moreover

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either, and, like, as if

(indeclinable)

भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you, sir

Present active participle of bhū (to be), used as an honorific pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used as an honorific address, here referring to Dhritarashtra.

वा (vā) - or, either, and, like, as if

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, in this place

(indeclinable)

क्षमम् (kṣamam) - suitable, proper, fit, capable, well-being

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣama

kṣama - suitable, proper, fit, capable, well-being

Note: Refers to `kāryam`.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - action, deed, business, what is to be done

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - action, deed, business, what is to be done

Gerundive

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with suffix -ya (gerundive).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पुरा (purā) - before, formerly, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - objective (artha) (purpose, meaning, object, wealth, affair)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth, affair

अतिवर्तते (ativartate) - transgresses, passes beyond, violates, disregards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ativṛt

Present Tense

Root vṛt (to be, exist) with prefix ati.

Prefix: ati

Root: vṛt (class 1)