महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-9, verse-1

व्यास उवाच ।
धृतराष्ट्र महाप्राज्ञ निबोध वचनं मम ।
वक्ष्यामि त्वा कौरवाणां सर्वेषां हितमुत्तमम् ॥१॥

1. vyāsa uvāca ,
dhṛtarāṣṭra mahāprājña nibodha vacanaṁ mama ,
vakṣyāmi tvā kauravāṇāṁ sarveṣāṁ hitamuttamam.

1. vyāsaḥ uvāca dhṛtarāṣṭra mahāprājña nibodha vacanam
mama vakṣyāmi tvā kauravāṇām sarveṣām hitam uttamam

1. Vyasa said: 'O Dhritarashtra, O greatly wise one, pay attention to my words. I will tell you what is the supreme benefit for all the Kauravas.'

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra

• महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O great wise one

• निबोध (nibodha) - pay attention, listen (hear, perceive, understand)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak, I will tell

• त्वा (tvā) - to you, you

• कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

• हितम् (hitam) - welfare, benefit, good

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, highest

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyasa (name of the sage, arranger)

Note: Subject of "uvāca".

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect (Lit) third person singular

From √vac (to speak) + Lit suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of a king, 'he who holds the kingdom')

महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O great wise one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāprājña

mahāprājña - greatly wise, very discerning

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+prājña)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• prājña – wise, discerning, intelligent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Dhritarashtra.

निबोध (nibodha) - pay attention, listen (hear, perceive, understand)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Lot) of nibudh

Imperative middle second person singular

From ni- √budh (to know) + lot suffix (imperative)

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: ni + √budh, 1st class, imperative active.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

From √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'nibodha'.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Qualifies 'vacanam'.

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak, I will tell

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (Lṛṭ) of vac

Future (Lṛṭ) first person singular

From √vac (to speak) + lṛṭ suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वा (tvā) - to you, you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

Note: Archaic/Vedic form for 'tvām'. Dative sense often implied for verbs of telling.

कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kuru clan

Note: Possessive, "of the Kauravas".

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'kauravāṇām'.

हितम् (hitam) - welfare, benefit, good

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, welfare, well-being

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From √dhā (to place, set) with hi- for √dhā + kta suffix

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'vakṣyāmi'.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme

Superlative of ud-

Note: Agrees with 'hitam'.