महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-21, verse-12

तन्निर्याणे दुःखितः पौरवर्गो गजाह्वयेऽतीव बभूव राजन् ।
यथा पूर्वं गच्छतां पाण्डवानां द्यूते राजन्कौरवाणां सभायाम् ॥१२॥

12. tanniryāṇe duḥkhitaḥ pauravargo; gajāhvaye'tīva babhūva rājan ,
yathā pūrvaṁ gacchatāṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ; dyūte rājankauravāṇāṁ sabhāyām.

12. tat-niryāṇe duḥkhitaḥ paura-vargaḥ
gajāhvaye atīva babhūva rājan
yathā pūrvaṃ gacchatām pāṇḍavānām
dyūte rājan kauravāṇām sabhāyām

12. rājan gajāhvaye tat-niryāṇe
paura-vargaḥ atīva duḥkhitaḥ babhūva
yathā pūrvaṃ dyūte kauravāṇām
sabhāyām gacchatām pāṇḍavānām

12. O king, the populace of Hastinapura became exceedingly grieved at his departure, just as they had been previously when the Pāṇḍavas left after the dice game in the Kauravas' assembly.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्-निर्याणे (tat-niryāṇe) - at his (the king's) departure (at his departure, at his going forth)

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed (distressed, grieved, afflicted)

• पौर-वर्गः (paura-vargaḥ) - the populace (group of citizens, populace, townsfolk)

• गजाह्वये (gajāhvaye) - in Hastinapura (in the place called Gaja, in Hastinapura (city with elephant imagery))

• अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly (exceedingly, very much, greatly)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became (became, happened, was)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which way)

• पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - previously (before, formerly, previously)

• गच्छताम् (gacchatām) - of those who went (of those going, of those who went)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas (of the Pandavas)

• द्यूते (dyūte) - in the dice game (in the dice game, in gambling)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

• सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly (in the assembly, in the hall)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्-निर्याणे (tat-niryāṇe) - at his (the king's) departure (at his departure, at his going forth)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tat-niryāṇa

tat-niryāṇa - his departure, his going forth

Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+niryāṇa)

• tad – that, his
  pronoun (neuter)
• niryāṇa – departure, going forth, exit
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from √yā (to go) with prefix 'nir' and suffix 'lyuṭ'.
  Prefix: nir
  Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Locative singular of the compound 'tat-niryāṇa'.

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed (distressed, grieved, afflicted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, grieved, suffering

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'duḥkh' (to suffer) or noun 'duḥkha' with the 'ita' suffix.

Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, agreeing with 'paura-vargaḥ'.

पौर-वर्गः (paura-vargaḥ) - the populace (group of citizens, populace, townsfolk)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paura-varga

paura-varga - group of citizens, populace

Compound type : tatpurusha (paura+varga)

• paura – citizen, townsman
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'pura' (city) with 'aṇ' suffix.
• varga – group, class, collection
  noun (masculine)

गजाह्वये (gajāhvaye) - in Hastinapura (in the place called Gaja, in Hastinapura (city with elephant imagery))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gajāhvaya

gajāhvaya - named after elephants, Hastinapura (a city name)

Compound 'gaja' (elephant) + 'āhvaya' (name, appellation). Refers to Hastinapura.

Compound type : tatpurusha (gaja+āhvaya)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• āhvaya – name, appellation, call
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hvā (class 1)

Note: Locative singular.

अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly (exceedingly, very much, greatly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

बभूव (babhūva) - became (became, happened, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of bhū

Perfect Tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - previously (before, formerly, previously)

(indeclinable)

Note: Accusative singular neuter used as an adverb.

गच्छताम् (gacchatām) - of those who went (of those going, of those who went)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gacchat

gacchat - going (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Genitive plural masculine, agreeing with 'pāṇḍavānām'.

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas (of the Pandavas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu with 'aṇ' suffix, meaning 'son of Pāṇḍu'.

द्यूते (dyūte) - in the dice game (in the dice game, in gambling)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - dice game, gambling

Derived from √div (to play, to throw dice) with 'kta' suffix (past passive participle used as noun).

Root: div (class 4)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava

Derived from Kuru with 'aṇ' suffix, meaning 'son of Kuru'.

सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly (in the assembly, in the hall)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, hall, court