महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-47, verse-4

तपसा क्षेममध्वानं गच्छन्ति परमैषिणः ।
संन्यासनिरता नित्यं ये ब्रह्मविदुषो जनाः ॥४॥

4. tapasā kṣemamadhvānaṁ gacchanti paramaiṣiṇaḥ ,
saṁnyāsaniratā nityaṁ ye brahmaviduṣo janāḥ.

4. tapasā kṣemam adhvānam gacchanti parameṣiṇaḥ
saṃnyāsaniratāḥ nityam ye brahmaviduṣaḥ janāḥ

4. Those people who are constantly devoted to renunciation (saṃnyāsa) and who are knowers of brahman, seeking the supreme, attain the path to ultimate well-being through spiritual discipline (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• तपसा (tapasā) - by spiritual discipline (tapas) (by austerity, by spiritual discipline)

• क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - well-being (security, welfare, well-being, safe)

• अध्वानम् (adhvānam) - path (path, road, journey)

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they attain (they go, they reach, they attain)

• परमेषिणः (parameṣiṇaḥ) - seekers of the supreme (seekers of the highest, those who desire the supreme)

• संन्यासनिरताः (saṁnyāsaniratāḥ) - devoted to renunciation (saṃnyāsa) (devoted to renunciation, engrossed in asceticism)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly (constantly, always, perpetually)

• ये (ye) - who (who, which (plural nominative masculine))

• ब्रह्मविदुषः (brahmaviduṣaḥ) - knowers of brahman

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, persons)

Words meanings and morphology

तपसा (tapasā) - by spiritual discipline (tapas) (by austerity, by spiritual discipline)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - spiritual discipline, austerity, penance, heat, warmth

Root: tap (class 1)

क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - well-being (security, welfare, well-being, safe)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣema

kṣema - security, welfare, well-being, safe, tranquil

Root: kṣi

अध्वानम् (adhvānam) - path (path, road, journey)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhvan

adhvan - path, road, journey, space

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they attain (they go, they reach, they attain)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

परमेषिणः (parameṣiṇaḥ) - seekers of the supreme (seekers of the highest, those who desire the supreme)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parameṣin

parameṣin - one who seeks or desires the highest, supreme

Derived from parama (highest) and eṣin (seeker, from iṣ to seek).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+eṣin)

• parama – highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• eṣin – desirous, wishing, seeking
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root iṣ (to wish, desire)
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Acts as a substantive here.

संन्यासनिरताः (saṁnyāsaniratāḥ) - devoted to renunciation (saṃnyāsa) (devoted to renunciation, engrossed in asceticism)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃnyāsanirata

saṁnyāsanirata - devoted to renunciation, engrossed in asceticism

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃnyāsa+nirata)

• saṃnyāsa – renunciation, asceticism, abandoning
  noun (masculine)
  from saṃ-ni-as
  Prefixes: sam+ni
  Root: as (class 4)
• nirata – delighted in, devoted to, absorbed in
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from ni-ram (to delight in)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with janāḥ and ye.

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly (constantly, always, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use.

ये (ye) - who (who, which (plural nominative masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to janāḥ.

ब्रह्मविदुषः (brahmaviduṣaḥ) - knowers of brahman

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brahmaviduṣ

brahmaviduṣ - knower of brahman, one who knows the Absolute

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+viduṣ)

• brahman – brahman, the Absolute, sacred utterance
  noun (neuter)
  from bṛh (to grow, expand)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• viduṣ – knowing, wise, learned
  adjective (masculine)
  Perfect Active Participle (irregular)
  From root vid, used adjectivally/substantivally.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with janāḥ and ye.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.