महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-47, verse-16

अचेतनः सत्त्वसंघातयुक्तः सत्त्वात्परं चेतयतेऽन्तरात्मा ।
स क्षेत्रज्ञः सत्त्वसंघातबुद्धिर्गुणातिगो मुच्यते मृत्युपाशात् ॥१६॥

16. acetanaḥ sattvasaṁghātayuktaḥ; sattvātparaṁ cetayate'ntarātmā ,
sa kṣetrajñaḥ sattvasaṁghātabuddhi;rguṇātigo mucyate mṛtyupāśāt.

16. acetanaḥ sattvasaṃghātayuktaḥ
sattvāt param cetayate antarātman
saḥ kṣetrajñaḥ sattvasaṃghātabuddhiḥ
guṇātigaḥ mucyate mṛtyupāśāt

16. antarātman acetanaḥ sattvasaṃghātayuktaḥ
sattvāt param cetayate
saḥ kṣetrajñaḥ sattvasaṃghātabuddhiḥ
guṇātigaḥ mṛtyupāśāt mucyate

16. The inner self (antarātman), though united with an unconscious aggregate of elements, nevertheless perceives that which is beyond these elements. That knower of the field (kṣetrajña), whose intellect is linked to the aggregate of elements, transcends the qualities (guṇa) and is liberated from the snare of death.

Words meanings summery:

• अचेतनः (acetanaḥ) - non-conscious, pertaining to the material aggregate (unconscious, inanimate, non-sentient)

• सत्त्वसंघातयुक्तः (sattvasaṁghātayuktaḥ) - united with the material body-mind complex, which is the aggregate of elements (united with an aggregate of elements, associated with a mass of existence)

• सत्त्वात् (sattvāt) - from the aggregate of elements (implied from previous word) (from existence, from reality, from the principle of goodness, from a being/element)

• परम् (param) - that which is beyond the material elements (beyond, supreme, highest, excellent)

• चेतयते (cetayate) - makes conscious or perceives (perceives, makes conscious, becomes aware, knows)

• अन्तरात्मन् (antarātman) - the spiritual essence within, the individual soul (antarātman) (the inner self, the indwelling soul)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the inner self or knower of the field) (that, he)

• क्षेत्रज्ञः (kṣetrajñaḥ) - the individual soul as the knower of the body/field (kṣetrajña) (knower of the field, the soul, the conscious principle)

• सत्त्वसंघातबुद्धिः (sattvasaṁghātabuddhiḥ) - whose mind/intellect is tied to the material composite (whose intellect is the aggregate of elements, whose understanding is connected to the aggregate of elements)

• गुणातिगः (guṇātigaḥ) - one who is beyond the three modes of material nature (guṇa) (one who transcends the qualities, beyond the guṇas)

• मुच्यते (mucyate) - attains liberation (mokṣa) (is liberated, is released, is set free)

• मृत्युपाशात् (mṛtyupāśāt) - from the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra) (from the noose of death, from the bonds of death)

Words meanings and morphology

अचेतनः (acetanaḥ) - non-conscious, pertaining to the material aggregate (unconscious, inanimate, non-sentient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acetana

acetana - unconscious, inanimate, non-sentient

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'cetana' (conscious)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cetana)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• cetana – conscious, sentient, animate
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'cit' (to perceive, observe)
  Root: cit (class 1)

सत्त्वसंघातयुक्तः (sattvasaṁghātayuktaḥ) - united with the material body-mind complex, which is the aggregate of elements (united with an aggregate of elements, associated with a mass of existence)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sattvasaṃghātayukta

sattvasaṁghātayukta - associated with the aggregate of elements/beings/existence

Compound of 'sattvasaṃghāta' and 'yukta' (past passive participle of 'yuj')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sattvasaṃghāta+yukta)

• sattvasaṃghāta – aggregate of elements/beings/existence
  noun (masculine)
  Tatpuruṣa compound of 'sattva' and 'saṃghāta'
• yukta – joined, united, endowed with, associated with, fit, proper
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'yuj' (to join, connect)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

सत्त्वात् (sattvāt) - from the aggregate of elements (implied from previous word) (from existence, from reality, from the principle of goodness, from a being/element)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - existence, reality, essence, being, quality of goodness (guna), vital breath, mind, courage

From root 'as' (to be) + suffix 'tva'

Root: as (class 2)

परम् (param) - that which is beyond the material elements (beyond, supreme, highest, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, different, subsequent, supreme, highest, ultimate

Note: Used here as a substantive referring to 'that which is supreme/beyond'.

चेतयते (cetayate) - makes conscious or perceives (perceives, makes conscious, becomes aware, knows)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of cit

Causative form of 'cit'

Denominative or causative of 'cit'. Class 10 verb.

Root: cit (class 10)

अन्तरात्मन् (antarātman) - the spiritual essence within, the individual soul (antarātman) (the inner self, the indwelling soul)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of antarātman

antarātman - inner self, indwelling soul, conscience

Compound of 'antar' (within) and 'ātman' (self)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (antar+ātman)

• antar – within, inside, between
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature, individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'an' (to breathe) + suffix 'man'
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Represents the individual soul in this context.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the inner self or knower of the field) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to `antarātman` / `kṣetrajña`.

क्षेत्रज्ञः (kṣetrajñaḥ) - the individual soul as the knower of the body/field (kṣetrajña) (knower of the field, the soul, the conscious principle)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣetrajña

kṣetrajña - knower of the field (kṣetra), soul, conscious principle

Compound of 'kṣetra' (field) and 'jña' (knower)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (kṣetra+jña)

• kṣetra – field, ground, place, body, abode
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knowing, knower, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jñā' (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Synonymous with `antarātman` here, emphasizing its knowing aspect.

सत्त्वसंघातबुद्धिः (sattvasaṁghātabuddhiḥ) - whose mind/intellect is tied to the material composite (whose intellect is the aggregate of elements, whose understanding is connected to the aggregate of elements)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sattvasaṃghātabuddhi

sattvasaṁghātabuddhi - intellect linked to the aggregate of elements

Bahuvrihi compound 'sattvasaṃghāta + buddhi' (whose intellect is the aggregate of elements)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sattvasaṃghāta+buddhi)

• sattvasaṃghāta – aggregate of elements/beings/existence
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'sattva' and 'saṃghāta'
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, perception, mind
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'budh' (to know, awaken)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `kṣetrajñaḥ`.

गुणातिगः (guṇātigaḥ) - one who is beyond the three modes of material nature (guṇa) (one who transcends the qualities, beyond the guṇas)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇātiga

guṇātiga - transcending the qualities (guṇas)

Compound of 'guṇa' (quality) and 'atiga' (going beyond)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+atiga)

• guṇa – quality, attribute, property, (in Sāṃkhya philosophy) the three modes of material nature (sattva, rajas, tamas)
  noun (masculine)
• atiga – going beyond, transcending
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root 'i' with 'ati'
  From 'ati-' + root 'gam' (or 'i') + suffix 'ḍa'
  Prefix: ati
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `kṣetrajñaḥ`.

मुच्यते (mucyate) - attains liberation (mokṣa) (is liberated, is released, is set free)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of muc

Passive voice of 'muc'

Root 'muc', passive voice, ātmanepada, 3rd person singular.

Root: muc (class 6)

मृत्युपाशात् (mṛtyupāśāt) - from the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra) (from the noose of death, from the bonds of death)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of mṛtyupāśa

mṛtyupāśa - noose of death, snare of death

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'mṛtyu' (death) and 'pāśa' (noose)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mṛtyu+pāśa)

• mṛtyu – death, mortality, Yama (god of death)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'mṛ' (to die)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• pāśa – noose, snare, fetter, bond
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates separation from death's grip.