महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-47, verse-1

ब्रह्मोवाच ।
संन्यासं तप इत्याहुर्वृद्धा निश्चितदर्शिनः ।
ब्राह्मणा ब्रह्मयोनिस्था ज्ञानं ब्रह्म परं विदुः ॥१॥

1. brahmovāca ,
saṁnyāsaṁ tapa ityāhurvṛddhā niścitadarśinaḥ ,
brāhmaṇā brahmayonisthā jñānaṁ brahma paraṁ viduḥ.

1. brahmā uvāca saṃnyāsam tapaḥ iti āhuḥ vṛddhāḥ niścitadarśinaḥ
brāhmaṇāḥ brahmayonīsthāḥ jñānam brahma param viduḥ

1. brahmā uvāca: niścitadarśinaḥ vṛddhāḥ saṃnyāsam tapaḥ iti āhuḥ.
brahmayonīsthāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ jñānam param brahma viduḥ.

1. Brahmā said: 'The elders, those with unerring vision, call renunciation (saṃnyāsa) a form of austerity (tapas). The brahmins, who are established in the origin of (brahman), recognize that knowledge (jñāna) is the supreme (brahman).'

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (the creator deity)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• संन्यासम् (saṁnyāsam) - renunciation, asceticism

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, heat

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they speak

• वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - the elders, the wise, the aged

• निश्चितदर्शिनः (niścitadarśinaḥ) - those with certain/unerring vision

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, Vedic scholars

• ब्रह्मयोनीस्थाः (brahmayonīsthāḥ) - established in the origin of (brahman) (situated in the source of (brahman), having brahman as their origin)

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - (the) brahman, the Absolute Reality

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (the creator deity)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmā (the creator deity), the Absolute, sacred utterance

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

संन्यासम् (saṁnyāsam) - renunciation, asceticism

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃnyāsa

saṁnyāsa - renunciation, abandonment, asceticism, monasticism

From prefixes 'sam' + 'ni' + root 'as' (to throw, cast)

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: as (class 4)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, heat

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, religious devotion

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Used as a predicate noun.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ah

Root: ah (class 2)

वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - the elders, the wise, the aged

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - aged, old, grown, wise, experienced

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛdh' (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

निश्चितदर्शिनः (niścitadarśinaḥ) - those with certain/unerring vision

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niścitadarśin

niścitadarśin - one whose vision is certain, one who sees clearly

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niścita+darśin)

• niścita – certain, ascertained, determined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'nis' + root 'ci' (to collect, observe)
  Prefix: nis
  Root: ci (class 5)
• darśin – seeing, viewing, one who sees
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root 'dṛś' (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, Vedic scholars

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin (member of the priestly class), one related to brahman, a Vedic text

ब्रह्मयोनीस्थाः (brahmayonīsthāḥ) - established in the origin of (brahman) (situated in the source of (brahman), having brahman as their origin)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brahmayonīstha

brahmayonīstha - standing in or rooted in Brahman as the source

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (brahmayoni+stha)

• brahmayoni – the source of brahman, having brahman as origin
  noun (feminine)
• stha – standing, abiding, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root 'sthā'
  From root 'sthā' (to stand, stay)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, awareness, understanding

From root 'jñā' (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

ब्रह्म (brahma) - (the) brahman, the Absolute Reality

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - the Absolute Reality, ultimate truth, sacred utterance, Veda

Note: Used as a predicate noun.

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, most distant

Note: Adjective modifying 'brahma'.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)