महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-88, verse-3

तिलैर्व्रीहियवैर्माषैरद्भिर्मूलफलैस्तथा ।
दत्तेन मासं प्रीयन्ते श्राद्धेन पितरो नृप ॥३॥

3. tilairvrīhiyavairmāṣairadbhirmūlaphalaistathā ,
dattena māsaṁ prīyante śrāddhena pitaro nṛpa.

3. tilaiḥ vrīhiyavaiḥ māṣaiḥ adbhiḥ mūlaphalaiḥ tathā
dattena māsam prīyante śrāddhena pitaraḥ nṛpa

3. nṛpa pitaraḥ tilaiḥ vrīhiyavaiḥ māṣaiḥ adbhiḥ
mūlaphalaiḥ tathā dattena śrāddhena māsam prīyante

3. O King, through the ancestral (śrāddha) ritual, when offerings are given with sesame seeds, rice and barley, black gram, water, roots, and fruits, the ancestors (pitṛs) are pleased for a month.

Words meanings summery:

• तिलैः (tilaiḥ) - with sesame seeds (as an offering) (with sesame seeds)

• व्रीहियवैः (vrīhiyavaiḥ) - with rice and barley (as an offering) (with rice and barley)

• माषैः (māṣaiḥ) - with black gram (as an offering) (with black gram)

• अद्भिः (adbhiḥ) - with water (as an offering) (with waters, with water)

• मूलफलैः (mūlaphalaiḥ) - with roots and fruits (as an offering) (with roots and fruits)

• तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, in like manner, and, also)

• दत्तेन (dattena) - by the offering (which is given) (by the given, through what is given)

• मासम् (māsam) - for a month (for a month, during a month)

• प्रीयन्ते (prīyante) - they (ancestors) are pleased (they are pleased, they are satisfied)

• श्राद्धेन (śrāddhena) - through the ancestral (śrāddha) ritual (by the śrāddha, through the śrāddha ritual)

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - the ancestors (pitṛs) (ancestors, fathers)

• नृप (nṛpa) - O King (vocative, addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (king, ruler)

Words meanings and morphology

तिलैः (tilaiḥ) - with sesame seeds (as an offering) (with sesame seeds)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tila

tila - sesame seed, sesame plant

Note: Denotes the material of the offering.

व्रीहियवैः (vrīhiyavaiḥ) - with rice and barley (as an offering) (with rice and barley)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vrīhiyava

vrīhiyava - rice and barley

Dvandva compound of 'vrīhi' and 'yava'.

Compound type : dvandva (vrīhi+yava)

• vrīhi – rice (in the husk)
  noun (masculine)
• yava – barley
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes the material of the offering.

माषैः (māṣaiḥ) - with black gram (as an offering) (with black gram)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of māṣa

māṣa - black gram, a kind of bean (Vigna mungo)

Note: Denotes the material of the offering.

अद्भिः (adbhiḥ) - with water (as an offering) (with waters, with water)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

Feminine noun, usually plural.

Note: Denotes the material of the offering.

मूलफलैः (mūlaphalaiḥ) - with roots and fruits (as an offering) (with roots and fruits)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of mūlaphala

mūlaphala - roots and fruits

Dvandva compound of 'mūla' and 'phala'.

Compound type : dvandva (mūla+phala)

• mūla – root, origin, basis
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes the material of the offering.

तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, in like manner, and, also)

(indeclinable)

Correlative of 'yathā'.

दत्तेन (dattena) - by the offering (which is given) (by the given, through what is given)

(participle)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, offered, bestowed

Past Passive Participle

From √dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Acts as a substantive here.

मासम् (māsam) - for a month (for a month, during a month)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month

Note: Adverbial usage for duration.

प्रीयन्ते (prīyante) - they (ancestors) are pleased (they are pleased, they are satisfied)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of prī

present middle (laṭ)

From √prī (4th class middle voice or passive).

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Refers to `pitaraḥ`.

श्राद्धेन (śrāddhena) - through the ancestral (śrāddha) ritual (by the śrāddha, through the śrāddha ritual)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śrāddha

śrāddha - ancestral ceremony, ritual for the deceased, faith

From śrad-dhā (faith-place), then noun.

Prefix: śrad

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: The means by which pleasure is achieved.

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - the ancestors (pitṛs) (ancestors, fathers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Subject of `prīyante`.

नृप (nṛpa) - O King (vocative, addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound of 'nṛ' (man) and 'pa' (protector, from √pā).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun from √pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.