महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-73, verse-2

ब्रह्मोवाच ।
भक्षार्थं विक्रयार्थं वा येऽपहारं हि कुर्वते ।
दानार्थं वा ब्राह्मणाय तत्रेदं श्रूयतां फलम् ॥२॥

2. brahmovāca ,
bhakṣārthaṁ vikrayārthaṁ vā ye'pahāraṁ hi kurvate ,
dānārthaṁ vā brāhmaṇāya tatredaṁ śrūyatāṁ phalam.

2. brahmā uvāca bhakṣārtham vikrayārtham vā ye apahāram hi
kurvate dānārtham vā brāhmaṇāya tatra idam śrūyatām phalam

2. brahmā uvāca ye bhakṣārtham vā vikrayārtham vā dānārtham
brāhmaṇāya hi apahāram kurvate tatra idam phalam śrūyatām

2. Brahmā spoke: Listen now to the consequence for those who commit theft, whether for consumption, for sale, or even for the purpose of offering as a gift (dāna) to a brāhmaṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (the creator deity)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• भक्षार्थम् (bhakṣārtham) - for the purpose of eating, for consumption

• विक्रयार्थम् (vikrayārtham) - for the purpose of selling, for sale

• वा (vā) - or

• ये (ye) - those who

• अपहारम् (apahāram) - theft, abduction, removal

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• कुर्वते (kurvate) - they do, they make, they commit

• दानार्थम् (dānārtham) - for the purpose of giving, for a gift (dāna)

• वा (vā) - or

• ब्राह्मणाय (brāhmaṇāya) - to a brāhmaṇa

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that regard

• इदम् (idam) - this

• श्रूयताम् (śrūyatām) - let it be heard

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (the creator deity)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - the creator god Brahmā

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

भक्षार्थम् (bhakṣārtham) - for the purpose of eating, for consumption

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhakṣa+artha)

• bhakṣa – food, eating, consumption
  noun (masculine)
  from √bhakṣ
  Root: bhakṣ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Often functions as an indeclinable when -artham is appended for purpose.

विक्रयार्थम् (vikrayārtham) - for the purpose of selling, for sale

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vikraya+artha)

• vikraya – sale, selling
  noun (masculine)
  from vi-√krī
  Prefix: vi
  Root: krī (class 9)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Often functions as an indeclinable when -artham is appended for purpose.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

अपहारम् (apahāram) - theft, abduction, removal

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apahāra

apahāra - theft, abduction, robbery, removal

from apa-√hṛ

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

कुर्वते (kurvate) - they do, they make, they commit

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Middle

3rd plural present middle of √kṛ (class 8)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दानार्थम् (dānārtham) - for the purpose of giving, for a gift (dāna)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāna+artha)

• dāna – gift, giving, donation
  noun (neuter)
  from √dā
  Root: dā (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Often functions as an indeclinable when -artham is appended for purpose.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मणाय (brāhmaṇāya) - to a brāhmaṇa

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brāhmaṇa, member of the priestly class

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that regard

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

श्रूयताम् (śrūyatām) - let it be heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative Passive

3rd singular imperative passive of √śru (class 5)

Root: śru (class 5)

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward