महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-73, verse-13

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पारंपर्यागतं चेदमृषयः संशितव्रताः ।
दुर्धरं धारयामासू राजानश्चैव धार्मिकाः ।
उपाध्यायेन गदितं मम चेदं युधिष्ठिर ॥१३॥

13. pāraṁparyāgataṁ cedamṛṣayaḥ saṁśitavratāḥ ,
durdharaṁ dhārayāmāsū rājānaścaiva dhārmikāḥ ,
upādhyāyena gaditaṁ mama cedaṁ yudhiṣṭhira.

13. pāraṃparyāgatam ca idam ṛṣayaḥ
saṃśitavratāḥ durdharam dhārayāmāsuḥ
rājānaḥ ca eva dhārmikāḥ upādhyāyena
gaditam mama ca idam yudhiṣṭhira

13. yudhiṣṭhira ca idam pāraṃparyāgatam
durdharam saṃśitavratāḥ ṛṣayaḥ ca
eva dhārmikāḥ rājānaḥ dhārayāmāsuḥ
ca idam mama upādhyāyena gaditam

13. And this (knowledge), which has come down through tradition, was maintained by the sages of firm vows and also by righteous kings, even though it is difficult to uphold. And this was spoken to me by my teacher, O Yudhiṣṭhira.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

पारंपर्यागतम् (pāraṁparyāgatam) - (knowledge) transmitted through tradition (transmitted through tradition, come through succession)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

इदम् (idam) - this (knowledge, teaching) (this)

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

संशितव्रताः (saṁśitavratāḥ) - of firm vows (of firm vows, of strict observances, resolute in vows)

दुर्धरम् (durdharam) - difficult to uphold (difficult to bear, hard to uphold, difficult to maintain)

धारयामासुः (dhārayāmāsuḥ) - they maintained, they upheld (they maintained, they upheld, they bore)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

च (ca) - and (and, also)

एव (eva) - indeed, also (indeed, certainly, only)

धार्मिकाः (dhārmikāḥ) - righteous (righteous, virtuous, pious, adhering to (dharma))

उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by my teacher (by the teacher, by the preceptor)

गदितम् (gaditam) - spoken (spoken, told, said)

मम (mama) - to me (my, to me, for me)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

इदम् (idam) - this (teaching) (this)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

Words meanings and morphology

पारंपर्यागतम् (pāraṁparyāgatam) - (knowledge) transmitted through tradition (transmitted through tradition, come through succession)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāraṃparyāgata

pāraṁparyāgata - come down by tradition, handed down in succession

past passive participle (compound)

Compound: pāraṃparya (tradition, succession) + āgata (come, arrived).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāraṃparya+āgata)

pāraṃparya – tradition, succession, lineage
noun (neuter)
āgata – come, arrived, obtained
adjective
past passive participle
From root gam- 'to go' with prefix ā-.
Prefix: ā
Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `idam`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as a conjunction.

इदम् (idam) - this (knowledge, teaching) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Subject.

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Note: Subject for `dhārayāmāsuḥ`.

संशितव्रताः (saṁśitavratāḥ) - of firm vows (of firm vows, of strict observances, resolute in vows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃśitavrata

saṁśitavrata - one whose vows are sharpened/firmly kept

Compound: saṃśita (sharpened, firm) + vrata (vow, observance).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saṃśita+vrata)

saṃśita – sharpened, firm, resolute, determined
adjective
past passive participle
From root śi- 'to sharpen' with prefix sam-.
Prefix: sam
Root: śi (class 2)
vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `ṛṣayaḥ`.

दुर्धरम् (durdharam) - difficult to uphold (difficult to bear, hard to uphold, difficult to maintain)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durdhara

durdhara - difficult to bear, hard to hold, difficult to manage or uphold

gerundive/kṛtya

Compound: dur (difficult) + dhara (bearing, holding) from root dhṛ- 'to bear'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+dhara)

dur – difficult, bad, evil (prefix)
indeclinable
dhara – bearing, holding, carrying; that which holds
adjective
agent noun/adjective
From root dhṛ- 'to bear, to hold'.
Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `idam`.

धारयामासुः (dhārayāmāsuḥ) - they maintained, they upheld (they maintained, they upheld, they bore)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dhāraya

perfect active

Perfect tense form of the causative of root dhṛ- 'to bear, to hold'.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: The verbal root is dhṛ, causative dhārayati.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Note: Subject for `dhārayāmāsuḥ`, coordinated with `ṛṣayaḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `ṛṣayaḥ` and `rājānaḥ`.

एव (eva) - indeed, also (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

धार्मिकाः (dhārmikāḥ) - righteous (righteous, virtuous, pious, adhering to (dharma))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhārmika

dhārmika - righteous, virtuous, pious, just, adhering to dharma

Derived from dharma with suffix -ika.

Note: Qualifies `rājānaḥ`.

उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by my teacher (by the teacher, by the preceptor)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor, spiritual instructor

Compound: upa (near) + adhyāya (reading, studying, lesson). Literally, one who sits near (students) for teaching.

Compound type : tatpurusha (upa+adhyāya)

upa – near, towards (prefix)
indeclinable
adhyāya – study, lesson, chapter; one who studies or teaches
noun (masculine)
From adhi-i 'to study'.
Prefix: adhi
Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agent of the passive participle `gaditam`.

गदितम् (gaditam) - spoken (spoken, told, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gad

gad - to speak, to say, to tell

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root gad- 'to speak'.

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `idam`.

मम (mama) - to me (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad