महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-73, verse-11

भीष्म उवाच ।
एतत्पितामहेनोक्तमिन्द्राय भरतर्षभ ।
इन्द्रो दशरथायाह रामायाह पिता तथा ॥११॥

11. bhīṣma uvāca ,
etatpitāmahenoktamindrāya bharatarṣabha ,
indro daśarathāyāha rāmāyāha pitā tathā.

11. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca etat pitāmahena uktam indrāya bharatarṣabha
indraḥ daśarathāya āha rāmāya āha pitā tathā

11. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca bharatarṣabha etat pitāmahena indrāya
uktam indraḥ daśarathāya āha pitā tathā rāmāya āha

11. Bhishma said: 'O best among the Bharatas, this was declared to Indra by the great ancestor. Indra then told it to Daśaratha, and his father (Daśaratha) similarly told it to Rāma.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the preceding teaching) (this, that)

• पितामहेन (pitāmahena) - by the great ancestor (Brahmā or a revered elder) (by the grandfather, by the great ancestor)

• उक्तम् (uktam) - declared (said, declared, spoken)

• इन्द्राय (indrāya) - to Indra

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (an address to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O best of Bharatas, O foremost of the Bharata race)

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra

• दशरथाय (daśarathāya) - to Daśaratha

• आह (āha) - said (he said, he spoke)

• रामाय (rāmāya) - to Rāma

• आह (āha) - said (he said, he spoke)

• पिता (pitā) - (Daśaratha, Rāma's) father (father)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, similarly)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru warrior, son of Shantanu)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

Perfect tense form from root vac- 'to speak'.

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the preceding teaching) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Can also be accusative singular neuter. Here it functions as the subject (or object of the implicit verb of 'being declared').

पितामहेन (pitāmahena) - by the great ancestor (Brahmā or a revered elder) (by the grandfather, by the great ancestor)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, great ancestor, Brahmā

Compound: pitṛ (father) + maha (great, noble). In compounds, pitṛ becomes pitā.

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, mighty, noble, festival
  adjective

Note: Agent of the passive participle `uktam`.

उक्तम् (uktam) - declared (said, declared, spoken)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vac

vac - to speak, to say

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root vac- 'to speak'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `etat`.

इन्द्राय (indrāya) - to Indra

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (name of a Vedic deity, king of gods)

Note: Recipient of the declaration.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (an address to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O best of Bharatas, O foremost of the Bharata race)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, foremost among the Bharatas

Compound: bharata (Bharata clan) + ṛṣabha (bull, best, excellent).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of a clan/dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent, chief
  noun (masculine)

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (name of a Vedic deity, king of gods)

Note: Subject of `āha`.

दशरथाय (daśarathāya) - to Daśaratha

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (name of Rāma's father, king of Ayodhyā)

Note: Recipient of Indra's statement.

आह (āha) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of ah

perfect active

Perfect tense form from root ah- 'to say'.

Root: ah (class 2)

रामाय (rāmāya) - to Rāma

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a major deity in Hinduism, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)

Note: Recipient of Daśaratha's statement.

आह (āha) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of ah

perfect active

Perfect tense form from root ah- 'to say'.

Root: ah (class 2)

पिता (pitā) - (Daśaratha, Rāma's) father (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Subject of the second `āha`.

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, similarly)

(indeclinable)