महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-73, verse-1

इन्द्र उवाच ।
जानन्यो गामपहरेद्विक्रीयाद्वार्थकारणात् ।
एतद्विज्ञातुमिच्छामि का नु तस्य गतिर्भवेत् ॥१॥

1. indra uvāca ,
jānanyo gāmapaharedvikrīyādvārthakāraṇāt ,
etadvijñātumicchāmi kā nu tasya gatirbhavet.

1. indraḥ uvāca jānan yaḥ gām apaharet vikrīyāt vā
arthakāraṇāt etat vijñātum icchāmi kā nu tasya gatiḥ bhavet

1. indraḥ uvāca etat vijñātum icchāmi yaḥ jānan gām
arthakāraṇāt apaharet vā vikrīyāt tasya kā nu gatiḥ bhavet

1. Indra said: 'I wish to know what destiny (gati) would befall someone who knowingly steals a cow or sells it for the sake of profit.'

Words meanings summery:

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (name of a deity)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing, aware

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• गाम् (gām) - cow

• अपहरेत् (apaharet) - would steal, would carry away

• विक्रीयात् (vikrīyāt) - would sell

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अर्थकारणात् (arthakāraṇāt) - for the sake of wealth, for profit

• एतत् (etat) - this

• विज्ञातुम् (vijñātum) - to know, to understand

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire, I wish

• का (kā) - what, who (feminine)

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - fate, destiny, course, movement

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, might be

Words meanings and morphology

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (name of a deity)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra, chief of the gods

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

Irregular perfect form from root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

जानन् (jānan) - knowing, aware

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, understanding, being aware

Present Active Participle

Formed from root 'jñā' (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'yaḥ'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, whoever

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'apaharet' and 'vikrīyāt'.

गाम् (gām) - cow

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, bull, earth, ray of light

The word 'go' has irregular declension; 'gām' is the accusative singular form.

Note: Object of 'apaharet' and 'vikrīyāt'.

अपहरेत् (apaharet) - would steal, would carry away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of apahṛ

Formed with upasarga 'apa-' from root 'hṛ' (to take, carry).

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

विक्रीयात् (vikrīyāt) - would sell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vikrī

Formed with upasarga 'vi-' from root 'krī' (to buy).

Prefix: vi

Root: krī (class 9)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction connecting alternatives.

अर्थकारणात् (arthakāraṇāt) - for the sake of wealth, for profit

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of arthakāraṇa

arthakāraṇa - for the sake of wealth, cause of gain, for the purpose of profit

Tatpurusha compound 'artha' (wealth) + 'kāraṇa' (cause/reason).

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+kāraṇa)

• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ṛ' (to go, to move).
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates reason or purpose.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Object of 'vijñātum'.

विज्ञातुम् (vijñātum) - to know, to understand

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of vijñā

Infinitive

Formed with upasarga 'vi-' from root 'jñā' (to know) with suffix '-tum'.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Infinitive expressing purpose.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire, I wish

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root 'iṣ' in the 6th class (icchati is present tense).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

का (kā) - what, who (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Predicate nominative for 'gatiḥ'.

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle, or particle of emphasis.

Note: Particle for emphasis.

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, him

Pronominal stem for third person masculine.

Note: Possessive.

गतिः (gatiḥ) - fate, destiny, course, movement

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, movement, path, fate, destiny, condition

From root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'bhavet'. Translated as 'destiny (gati)'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, might be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root 'bhū' in the 1st class.

Root: bhū (class 1)