महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-73, verse-10

कुलानां पावनं प्राहुर्जातरूपं शतक्रतो ।
एषा मे दक्षिणा प्रोक्ता समासेन महाद्युते ॥१०॥

10. kulānāṁ pāvanaṁ prāhurjātarūpaṁ śatakrato ,
eṣā me dakṣiṇā proktā samāsena mahādyute.

10. kulānām pāvanam prāhuḥ jātarūpam śatakrato
eṣā me dakṣiṇā proktā samāsena mahādyute

10. śatakrato mahādyute kulānām pāvanam jātarūpam
prāhuḥ me eṣā dakṣiṇā samāsena proktā

10. O Śatakratu, they declare gold to be the purifier of lineages. O greatly radiant one, this is the ritual fee (dakṣiṇā) briefly stated by me.

Words meanings summery:

• कुलानाम् (kulānām) - of families, of lineages, of clans

• पावनम् (pāvanam) - purifier, sanctifier, sacred, pure, holy

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they state

• जातरूपम् (jātarūpam) - gold (gold, having a natural form, beautiful form)

• शतक्रतो (śatakrato) - O Indra (Śatakratu) (O Śatakratu, O Indra (epithet for Indra))

• एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

• मे (me) - by me, for me (my, to me, by me)

• दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - ritual fee (dakṣiṇā) (ritual fee, gift, donation, southern, right (direction))

• प्रोक्ता (proktā) - stated (declared, stated, said, spoken)

• समासेन (samāsena) - concisely, in brief (concisely, in brief, in summary, by means of a compound)

• महाद्युते (mahādyute) - O greatly radiant one (an address) (O greatly radiant one, O illustrious one)

Words meanings and morphology

कुलानाम् (kulānām) - of families, of lineages, of clans

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of kula

kula - family, lineage, clan, race, community, house

पावनम् (pāvanam) - purifier, sanctifier, sacred, pure, holy

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāvana

pāvana - purifying, sacred, pure; a purifier, sanctifier

agent noun/adjective from root pū (to purify)

Derived from root pū- 'to purify' with suffix -ana. Can function as an adjective or a neuter noun.

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Can also be nominative singular neuter, but here likely accusative, acting as object of `prāhuḥ` in conjunction with `jātarūpam`.

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they state

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pra-ah

present active

Derived from root ah- 'to say' with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

जातरूपम् (jātarūpam) - gold (gold, having a natural form, beautiful form)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jātarūpa

jātarūpa - gold (lit. having its natural form), beautiful form, any natural form

Compound: jāta (born, produced) + rūpa (form, appearance).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jāta+rūpa)

• jāta – born, produced, arisen, become
  adjective
  past passive participle
  From root jan- 'to be born'.
  Root: jan (class 4)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Can also be nominative singular neuter. Here it is the object of `prāhuḥ`.

शतक्रतो (śatakrato) - O Indra (Śatakratu) (O Śatakratu, O Indra (epithet for Indra))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śatakratu

śatakratu - Śatakratu (epithet of Indra, lit. 'one who has performed a hundred Vedic rituals (kratu)')

Compound: śata (hundred) + kratu (ritual, sacrifice).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śata+kratu)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• kratu – Vedic ritual, sacrifice, power, intelligence
  noun (masculine)

एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to `dakṣiṇā`.

मे (me) - by me, for me (my, to me, by me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, us, we

Note: Can also be dative singular. Here it implies 'by me' as an agent with the passive participle `proktā`.

दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - ritual fee (dakṣiṇā) (ritual fee, gift, donation, southern, right (direction))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇā

dakṣiṇā - ritual fee, gift, donation, right (direction), southern

Note: Subject of `proktā`.

प्रोक्ता (proktā) - stated (declared, stated, said, spoken)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pra-vac

pra-vac - to declare, to state, to say, to speak

past passive participle

From root vac- 'to speak' with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `dakṣiṇā`.

समासेन (samāsena) - concisely, in brief (concisely, in brief, in summary, by means of a compound)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of samāsa

samāsa - summary, conciseness, compound (grammar)

Compound of sam (together) + āsa (sitting, being) or from sam-as (to throw together).

Note: Adverbial usage.

महाद्युते (mahādyute) - O greatly radiant one (an address) (O greatly radiant one, O illustrious one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahādyuti

mahādyuti - greatly radiant, very bright, illustrious

Compound: mahā (great) + dyuti (radiance, splendor).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+dyuti)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
  Feminine form of mahat, used as a stem in compounds.
• dyuti – radiance, splendor, luster, beauty
  noun (feminine)
  From root dyut- 'to shine'.
  Root: dyut (class 1)