महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-152, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तूष्णींभूते तदा भीष्मे पटे चित्रमिवार्पितम् ।
मुहूर्तमिव च ध्यात्वा व्यासः सत्यवतीसुतः ।
नृपं शयानं गाङ्गेयमिदमाह वचस्तदा ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tūṣṇīṁbhūte tadā bhīṣme paṭe citramivārpitam ,
muhūrtamiva ca dhyātvā vyāsaḥ satyavatīsutaḥ ,
nṛpaṁ śayānaṁ gāṅgeyamidamāha vacastadā.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tūṣṇīmbhūte tadā
bhīṣme paṭe citram iva arpitam muhūrtam
iva ca dhyātvā vyāsaḥ satyavatīsutaḥ
nṛpam śayānam gāṅgeyam idam āha vacaḥ tadā

1. Vaiśampāyana said: When Bhīṣma had fallen silent, appearing like a picture drawn on a canvas, Vyāsa, the son of Satyavatī, after contemplating for a moment, then spoke these words to the reclining king, the son of Gaṅgā.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तूष्णीम्भूते (tūṣṇīmbhūte) - When Bhīṣma had become silent (having become silent, being silent)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - When Bhīṣma had become silent (in Bhīṣma)

• पटे (paṭe) - on a canvas, on a cloth

• चित्रम् (citram) - a picture, painting

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• अर्पितम् (arpitam) - drawn (on a canvas) (placed, fixed, drawn)

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, an instant

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• च (ca) - and, also

• ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having meditated, having contemplated

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa (proper name, the compiler of the Mahābhārata)

• सत्यवतीसुतः (satyavatīsutaḥ) - Vyāsa, who is the son of Satyavatī (son of Satyavatī)

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - to King Bhīṣma (to the king)

• शयानम् (śayānam) - the reclining Bhīṣma (reclining, lying down)

• गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - to Bhīṣma, son of Gaṅgā (to the son of Gaṅgā (Bhīṣma))

• इदम् (idam) - these words (these, this)

• आह (āha) - said, spoke

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words, speech

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a celebrated sage, disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तूष्णीम्भूते (tūṣṇīmbhūte) - When Bhīṣma had become silent (having become silent, being silent)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of tūṣṇīmbhūta

tūṣṇīmbhūta - silent, having become silent

Past Passive Participle

Formed from tūṣṇīm (silent) and bhūta (become)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tūṣṇīm+bhūta)

• tūṣṇīm – silently, in silence
  indeclinable
• bhūta – become, been, existing, a being
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of √bhū (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'bhīṣme'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal base tad

भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - When Bhīṣma had become silent (in Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (proper name, son of Gaṅgā and Śāntanu)

Meaning 'terrible', 'awe-inspiring'

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'tūṣṇīmbhūte'.

पटे (paṭe) - on a canvas, on a cloth

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of paṭa

paṭa - cloth, garment, canvas, screen

चित्रम् (citram) - a picture, painting

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of citra

citra - picture, painting, figure, wonderful, clear

Note: Functions adverbially here as 'like a picture'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

अर्पितम् (arpitam) - drawn (on a canvas) (placed, fixed, drawn)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of arpita

arpita - placed, fixed, offered, drawn (as a picture)

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of causative of √ṛ (to go, move, rise)

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'citram'.

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, an instant

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, a short time, a specific division of time

Note: Accusative of duration.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having meditated, having contemplated

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of √dhyā (from √dhyai, 1P)

Root: dhyai (class 1)

Note: Gerund/absolutive indicating prior action.

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa (proper name, the compiler of the Mahābhārata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyāsa (proper name, son of Parāśara and Satyavatī, compiler of Vedas and Mahābhārata)

Meaning 'expander', 'compiler'

सत्यवतीसुतः (satyavatīsutaḥ) - Vyāsa, who is the son of Satyavatī (son of Satyavatī)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavatīsuta

satyavatīsuta - son of Satyavatī

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (satyavatī+suta)

• satyavatī – Satyavatī (proper name, mother of Vyāsa)
  proper noun (feminine)
• suta – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of √sū (to beget)
  Root: sū (class 2)

नृपम् (nṛpam) - to King Bhīṣma (to the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

From nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from √pā)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from √pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Refers to Bhīṣma.

शयानम् (śayānam) - the reclining Bhīṣma (reclining, lying down)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying down, reclining, sleeping

Present Middle Participle

Present middle participle of √śī (to lie down)

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'nṛpam'.

गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - to Bhīṣma, son of Gaṅgā (to the son of Gaṅgā (Bhīṣma))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - son of Gaṅgā (specifically Bhīṣma)

Patronymic from Gaṅgā

Note: Agrees with 'nṛpam', referring to Bhīṣma.

इदम् (idam) - these words (these, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Agrees with 'vacaḥ'.

आह (āha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ah

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular perfect active of √ah (to say)

Root: ah

वचः (vacaḥ) - words, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, voice

Derived from √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal base tad