महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-122, verse-12

प्रभुर्ह्यन्नमदन्विद्वान्पुनर्जनयतीश्वरः ।
स चान्नाज्जायते तस्मात्सूक्ष्म एव व्यतिक्रमः ॥१२॥

12. prabhurhyannamadanvidvānpunarjanayatīśvaraḥ ,
sa cānnājjāyate tasmātsūkṣma eva vyatikramaḥ.

12. prabhuḥ hi annam adan vidvān punar janayati īśvaraḥ
sa ca annāt jāyate tasmāt sūkṣmaḥ eva vyatikramaḥ

12. hi prabhuḥ īśvaraḥ vidvān annam adan punar janayati.
ca saḥ annāt jāyate.
tasmāt eva vyatikramaḥ sūkṣmaḥ (asti).

12. For indeed, a powerful and knowledgeable person, while consuming food, regenerates himself. And that person himself is born from food. Therefore, the transgression (of consuming food improperly) is indeed a subtle one.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - powerful (master, lord, mighty, capable)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• अन्नम् (annam) - food, grain

• अदन् (adan) - eating, consuming

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - knowledgeable (knowing, wise, learned)

• पुनर् (punar) - again, anew, back

• जनयति (janayati) - regenerates himself (causes to be born, begets, produces, regenerates)

• ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - capable (lord, master, capable, powerful)

• स (sa) - that person (he, that (person))

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अन्नात् (annāt) - from food

• जायते (jāyate) - is born, originates

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - subtle, minute, delicate

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

• व्यतिक्रमः (vyatikramaḥ) - transgression, violation, deviation, error

Words meanings and morphology

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - powerful (master, lord, mighty, capable)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - master, lord, mighty, powerful, capable

From pra + bhū (to be, exist).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

अन्नम् (annam) - food, grain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, grain

Past Passive Participle (originally)

From root ad (to eat) + nta suffix, then nominalized.

Root: ad (class 2)

अदन् (adan) - eating, consuming

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adat

adat - eating, consuming

Present Active Participle

From root ad (to eat) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: ad (class 2)

विद्वान् (vidvān) - knowledgeable (knowing, wise, learned)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - knowing, wise, learned

Present Active Participle

From root vid (to know) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: vid (class 2)

पुनर् (punar) - again, anew, back

(indeclinable)

जनयति (janayati) - regenerates himself (causes to be born, begets, produces, regenerates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jan

Causative Present Tense, Active Voice

From root jan (IV Ā, also I P) 'to be born'. Causative stem jan + aya + ti (3rd singular present active).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject is 'prabhuḥ'.

ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - capable (lord, master, capable, powerful)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - lord, master, ruler, capable, powerful, wealthy

From root īś (to be master of, to be able) + varac.

Root: īś (class 2)

स (sa) - that person (he, that (person))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अन्नात् (annāt) - from food

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, grain

Past Passive Participle (originally)

From root ad (to eat) + nta suffix, then nominalized.

Root: ad (class 2)

जायते (jāyate) - is born, originates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Present Tense, Middle Voice

From root jan (IV Ā) 'to be born'. Present 3rd singular middle.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject is 'saḥ'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular masculine/neuter. Used adverbially.

Note: Functions as an adverb 'therefore'.

सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - subtle, minute, delicate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, minute, delicate, fine, small

From su + kṣa (to waste, injure) or su + kṣ (to dwell, appear).

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

व्यतिक्रमः (vyatikramaḥ) - transgression, violation, deviation, error

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatikrama

vyatikrama - transgression, violation, deviation, error, passing over

From vi-ati-kram (to step over).

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)