महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-122, verse-11

अदन्ह्यविद्वान्हन्त्यन्नमद्यमानं च हन्ति तम् ।
तं च हन्यति यस्यान्नं स हत्वा हन्यतेऽबुधः ॥११॥

11. adanhyavidvānhantyannamadyamānaṁ ca hanti tam ,
taṁ ca hanyati yasyānnaṁ sa hatvā hanyate'budhaḥ.

11. adan hi avidvān hanti annam adyamānam ca hanti tam
tam ca hanyati yasya annam sa hatvā hanyate abudhaḥ

11. hi avidvān adan annam hanti,
ca adyamānam (annam) tam hanti,
ca (annam) tam hanyati yasya annam (asti).
saḥ abudhaḥ hatvā hanyate.

11. Indeed, an ignorant person who consumes food destroys its efficacy, and the food being consumed harms that person. Furthermore, it harms the one whose food it is. Thus, that ignorant person, having caused such destruction, is in turn destroyed.

Words meanings summery:

• अदन् (adan) - eating, consuming

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• अविद्वान् (avidvān) - ignorant, unwise, one who does not know

• हन्ति (hanti) - destroys its efficacy (kills, harms, destroys)

• अन्नम् (annam) - food, grain

• अद्यमानम् (adyamānam) - being eaten, being consumed

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• हन्ति (hanti) - harms (kills, harms, destroys)

• तम् (tam) - that person (the ignorant eater) (him, that (person))

• तम् (tam) - the one whose food it is (the giver) (him, that (person))

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• हन्यति (hanyati) - harms (causes to be killed, harms, destroys)

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which, of whom

• अन्नम् (annam) - food, grain

• स (sa) - he, that (person)

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having caused destruction (having killed, having harmed, having destroyed)

• हन्यते (hanyate) - is in turn destroyed (is killed, is harmed, is destroyed)

• अबुधः (abudhaḥ) - ignorant, foolish, unwise person

Words meanings and morphology

अदन् (adan) - eating, consuming

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adat

adat - eating, consuming

Present Active Participle

From root ad (to eat) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: ad (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

अविद्वान् (avidvān) - ignorant, unwise, one who does not know

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avidvat

avidvat - ignorant, unwise, unlearned, unknowing

Negative of Present Active Participle

Formed from na + vidvat (Present Active Participle of vid, to know).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+vidvat)

• na – not
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vidvat – knowing, learned, wise
  participle (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root vid (to know) + śatṛ suffix.
  Root: vid (class 2)

हन्ति (hanti) - destroys its efficacy (kills, harms, destroys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present Tense, Active Voice

From root han (II P) 'to strike, kill'. Present 3rd singular.

Root: han (class 2)

अन्नम् (annam) - food, grain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, grain

Past Passive Participle (originally)

From root ad (to eat) + nta suffix, then nominalized.

Root: ad (class 2)

अद्यमानम् (adyamānam) - being eaten, being consumed

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adyamāna

adyamāna - being eaten, being consumed

Present Passive Participle

From root ad (to eat) + śānac suffix.

Root: ad (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

हन्ति (hanti) - harms (kills, harms, destroys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present Tense, Active Voice

From root han (II P) 'to strike, kill'. Present 3rd singular.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Implied subject is 'annam adyamānam'.

तम् (tam) - that person (the ignorant eater) (him, that (person))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the 'avidvān' (the ignorant eater).

तम् (tam) - the one whose food it is (the giver) (him, that (person))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the giver of the food.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

हन्यति (hanyati) - harms (causes to be killed, harms, destroys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Causative Present Tense, Active Voice

From root han (II P) 'to strike, kill'. Causative stem hani + ti (3rd singular present active).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Causative form, 'causes to be destroyed/harmed'.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies the implied possessor of 'annam'.

अन्नम् (annam) - food, grain

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, grain

Past Passive Participle (originally)

From root ad (to eat) + nta suffix, then nominalized.

Root: ad (class 2)

स (sa) - he, that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

हत्वा (hatvā) - having caused destruction (having killed, having harmed, having destroyed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root han (to kill) + ktvā suffix.

Root: han (class 2)

हन्यते (hanyate) - is in turn destroyed (is killed, is harmed, is destroyed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of han

Present Tense, Passive Voice

From root han (II P) 'to strike, kill'. Passive stem hanyate (3rd singular present passive).

Root: han (class 2)

अबुधः (abudhaḥ) - ignorant, foolish, unwise person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abudha

abudha - ignorant, foolish, stupid, an unwise person

Formed from a (negative prefix) + budha (wise, intelligent).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+budha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• budha – wise, intelligent, learned
  adjective (masculine)
  From root budh (to know, perceive).
  Root: budh (class 1)