महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-122, verse-10

ब्राह्मणश्चेन्न विद्येत श्रुतवृत्तोपसंहितः ।
प्रतिग्रहीता दानस्य मोघं स्याद्धनिनां धनम् ॥१०॥

10. brāhmaṇaścenna vidyeta śrutavṛttopasaṁhitaḥ ,
pratigrahītā dānasya moghaṁ syāddhanināṁ dhanam.

10. brāhmaṇaḥ cet na vidyeta śrutavṛttopasaṃhitaḥ
pratigrahītā dānasya mogham syāt dhaninām dhanam

10. cet śrutavṛttopasaṃhitaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ dānasya pratigrahītā na vidyeta,
(tadā) dhaninām dhanam mogham syāt.

10. If there is no brahmin available who is endowed with scriptural knowledge and good conduct to accept a gift (dāna), then the wealth of the generous would be futile.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin, one who knows brahman

• चेत् (cet) - if, when

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• विद्येत (vidyeta) - should be found, should exist

• श्रुतवृत्तोपसंहितः (śrutavṛttopasaṁhitaḥ) - endowed with sacred knowledge and good conduct

• प्रतिग्रहीता (pratigrahītā) - acceptor, recipient

• दानस्य (dānasya) - of a gift (dāna) (of a gift, of giving)

• मोघम् (mogham) - in vain, futile, useless

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be, should be

• धनिनाम् (dhaninām) - of the wealthy, of rich people

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin, one who knows brahman

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, a man of the priestly class, one who knows brahman

Derived from brahman (neuter) + aṇ (masculine suffix).

चेत् (cet) - if, when

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

विद्येत (vidyeta) - should be found, should exist

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vid

Optative Mood, Middle Voice

From root vid (IV Ā) 'to be, exist'. Optative 3rd singular.

Root: vid (class 4)

श्रुतवृत्तोपसंहितः (śrutavṛttopasaṁhitaḥ) - endowed with sacred knowledge and good conduct

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrutavṛttopasaṃhita

śrutavṛttopasaṁhita - endowed with learning and good conduct

Bahuvrihi compound indicating 'one who possesses śruta and vṛtta and is upasaṃhita (furnished with them)'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śruta+vṛtta+upasaṃhita)

• śruta – heard, revealed (scripture), learning, knowledge
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śru (to hear), nominalized.
  Root: śru (class 5)
• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, occurrence, state
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛt (to be, exist, turn), nominalized.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• upasaṃhita – furnished with, endowed with, joined with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā (to place, set) with prefixes upa and sam.
  Prefixes: upa+sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

प्रतिग्रहीता (pratigrahītā) - acceptor, recipient

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratigrahītṛ

pratigrahītṛ - an acceptor, a recipient, one who takes

Agent noun

Formed from prati-grah (to accept) + tṛc suffix.

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Acts as an attribute or predicate to the brahmin.

दानस्य (dānasya) - of a gift (dāna) (of a gift, of giving)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - a gift, act of giving, liberality

From root dā (to give) + ana suffix.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Connected to 'pratigrahītā' (recipient of a gift).

मोघम् (mogham) - in vain, futile, useless

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mogha

mogha - useless, vain, fruitless, futile, empty

From root muh (to be confused, to err).

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'dhanam', acting as a predicate.

स्यात् (syāt) - would be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Optative Mood, Active Voice

From root as (II P) 'to be'. Optative 3rd singular.

Root: as (class 2)

धनिनाम् (dhaninām) - of the wealthy, of rich people

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dhanin

dhanin - wealthy, rich, possessing wealth

From dhana (wealth) + ini suffix. Used as a noun here.

Note: Qualifies 'dhanam'.

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

From root dhā (to place, set) + ana suffix.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'syāt'.