महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-121, verse-6

तमुत्स्मयन्तं संप्रेक्ष्य मैत्रेयः कृष्णमब्रवीत् ।
कारणं ब्रूहि धर्मात्मन्योऽस्मयिष्ठाः कुतश्च ते ।
तपस्विनो धृतिमतः प्रमोदः समुपागतः ॥६॥

6. tamutsmayantaṁ saṁprekṣya maitreyaḥ kṛṣṇamabravīt ,
kāraṇaṁ brūhi dharmātmanyo'smayiṣṭhāḥ kutaśca te ,
tapasvino dhṛtimataḥ pramodaḥ samupāgataḥ.

6. tam utsmāyantam samprekṣya maitreyaḥ
kṛṣṇam abravīt kāraṇam brūhi dharmātman
yat asmāyiṣṭhāḥ kutaḥ ca te
tapasvinaḥ dhṛtimataḥ pramodaḥ samupāgataḥ

6. maitreyaḥ tam utsmāyantam samprekṣya kṛṣṇam
abravīt he dharmātman yat (tvam)
asmāyiṣṭhāḥ tasya kāraṇam brūhi ca te tapasvinaḥ
dhṛtimataḥ pramodaḥ kutaḥ samupāgataḥ

6. Seeing him smile, Maitreya said to Kṛṣṇa: "O righteous one (dharmātman), please tell me the reason why you smiled, and how this great joy (pramoda) has come to you, who are an ascetic (tapasvin) and steadfast."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Kṛṣṇa) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• उत्स्मायन्तम् (utsmāyantam) - smiling (smiling, wondering, laughing)

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - seeing (having seen, having observed)

• मैत्रेयः (maitreyaḥ) - Maitreya (Maitreya (a sage's name))

• कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - Kṛṣṇa (Kṛṣṇa (accusative singular))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said (said, spoke)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason (cause, reason, motive)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, speak)

• धर्मात्मन् (dharmātman) - O righteous one (dharmātman) (O righteous one, O whose soul is (dharmic))

• यत् (yat) - why (that which) (that, which, because)

• अस्मायिष्ठाः (asmāyiṣṭhāḥ) - you smiled

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where (from where, why, whence)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ते (te) - to you (to you, your (dative/genitive singular))

• तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - for you, the ascetic (genitive singular, modifying 'te') (of the ascetic, for the ascetic; or (nominative plural) ascetics)

• धृतिमतः (dhṛtimataḥ) - for you, the steadfast one (genitive singular, modifying 'te') (of the firm one, of the resolute one; for the firm one)

• प्रमोदः (pramodaḥ) - great joy (pramoda) (joy, delight, pleasure)

• समुपागतः (samupāgataḥ) - has come / arisen (arrived, come, approached)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Kṛṣṇa) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to Kṛṣṇa.

उत्स्मायन्तम् (utsmāyantam) - smiling (smiling, wondering, laughing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of utsmāyant

utsmāyant - smiling, wondering, laughing

present participle

Present participle of root 'smi' with prefix 'ut'

Prefix: ut

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tam' (Kṛṣṇa).

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - seeing (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'īkṣ' with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra'

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Maitreya's action.

मैत्रेयः (maitreyaḥ) - Maitreya (Maitreya (a sage's name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maitreya

maitreya - Maitreya (name of a sage)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - Kṛṣṇa (Kṛṣṇa (accusative singular))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa; dark, black

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect active 3rd singular

Imperfect active 3rd person singular of root 'brū'

Root: brū (class 2)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason (cause, reason, motive)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + ana

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'brūhi'.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

imperative active 2nd singular

Imperative active 2nd person singular of root 'brū'

Root: brū (class 2)

धर्मात्मन् (dharmātman) - O righteous one (dharmātman) (O righteous one, O whose soul is (dharmic))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous soul, one whose nature is righteousness

Compound: dharma (righteousness) + ātman (soul)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Addressed to Kṛṣṇa.

यत् (yat) - why (that which) (that, which, because)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Connects the reason to the action of smiling.

अस्मायिष्ठाः (asmāyiṣṭhāḥ) - you smiled

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, aorist (luṅ) of smi

aorist, middle voice, 2nd singular

Aorist middle 2nd person singular of root 'smi'

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Subject 'tvam' (you) is implied.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where (from where, why, whence)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - to you (to you, your (dative/genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Kṛṣṇa.

तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - for you, the ascetic (genitive singular, modifying 'te') (of the ascetic, for the ascetic; or (nominative plural) ascetics)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, practitioner of austerity (tapas)

From tapas + -vin

Note: Modifies 'te' (you).

धृतिमतः (dhṛtimataḥ) - for you, the steadfast one (genitive singular, modifying 'te') (of the firm one, of the resolute one; for the firm one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhṛtimat

dhṛtimat - firm, resolute, endowed with firmness

From dhṛti (firmness) + -mat

Note: Modifies 'te' (you).

प्रमोदः (pramodaḥ) - great joy (pramoda) (joy, delight, pleasure)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pramoda

pramoda - joy, delight, pleasure, happiness

From root 'mud' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'samupāgataḥ'.

समुपागतः (samupāgataḥ) - has come / arisen (arrived, come, approached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupāgata

samupāgata - approached, arrived, come near

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root 'gam' with prefixes 'sam' and 'upa' and 'ā'

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'pramodaḥ'.