महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-121, verse-10

त्रीण्येव तु पदान्याहुः पुरुषस्योत्तमं व्रतम् ।
न द्रुह्येच्चैव दद्याच्च सत्यं चैव परं वदेत् ।
इदानीं चैव नः कृत्यं पुरस्ताच्च परं स्मृतम् ॥१०॥

10. trīṇyeva tu padānyāhuḥ puruṣasyottamaṁ vratam ,
na druhyeccaiva dadyācca satyaṁ caiva paraṁ vadet ,
idānīṁ caiva naḥ kṛtyaṁ purastācca paraṁ smṛtam.

10. trīṇi eva tu padāni āhuḥ puruṣasya
uttamam vratam na druhye ca eva dadyāt ca
satyam ca eva param vadet idānīm ca
eva naḥ kṛtyam purastāt ca param smṛtam

10. tu trīṇi eva padāni puruṣasya uttamam
vratam āhuḥ na druhye ca eva ca dadyāt
ca satyam eva param vadet ca idānīm ca
eva naḥ kṛtyam purastāt ca param smṛtam

10. They say that a person's (puruṣa) supreme vow consists of just three things: one should never injure, one should always give (dāna), and one should always speak the highest truth. This is our duty (kṛtya) both now and has been remembered as supreme in the past.

Words meanings summery:

• त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three

• एव (eva) - just, indeed (just, only, indeed, certainly)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, yet, indeed, and)

• पदानि (padāni) - steps or vows (steps, words, utterances, vows)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they (people, wise ones) say (they say, they declare)

• पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a person (puruṣa) (of a man, of a person, of the supreme being)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme, highest (best, highest, supreme)

• व्रतम् (vratam) - vow (vow, sacred observance, religious practice, duty)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• द्रुह्ये (druhye) - (one) should not injure (should injure, should harm)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - just, indeed (just, only, indeed, certainly)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - (one) should give (dāna) (should give, may give)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, true)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - just, indeed (just, only, indeed, certainly)

• परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, excellent)

• वदेत् (vadet) - (one) should speak (should speak, may speak)

• इदानीम् (idānīm) - now (now, at present)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - just, indeed (just, only, indeed, certainly)

• नः (naḥ) - our (our, us, to us)

• कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - duty (to be done, duty, action, deed)

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - in the past, formerly (in front, before, in the east, formerly, previously)

• च (ca) - and, also

• परम् (param) - supreme (duty) (supreme, highest, excellent)

• स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - has been remembered (remembered, recollected)

Words meanings and morphology

त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three

(numeral)

एव (eva) - just, indeed (just, only, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, yet, indeed, and)

(indeclinable)

पदानि (padāni) - steps or vows (steps, words, utterances, vows)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of pada

pada - Step, foot, word, sentence, position, mark

Root: pad (class 4)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they (people, wise ones) say (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ah

present

Present active 3rd person plural of √ah (irregular root from √brū)

Root: ah (class 2)

पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a person (puruṣa) (of a man, of a person, of the supreme being)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - Man, person, male, human being, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme, highest (best, highest, supreme)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - Highest, best, supreme, excellent

Superlative form of ut (up/out)

व्रतम् (vratam) - vow (vow, sacred observance, religious practice, duty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - Vow, sacred observance, religious practice, duty, rule

From √vṛ (to choose, to cover)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negation particle

द्रुह्ये (druhye) - (one) should not injure (should injure, should harm)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of druh

optative

Optative active 3rd person singular of √druh

Root: druh (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - just, indeed (just, only, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - (one) should give (dāna) (should give, may give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

optative

Optative active 3rd person singular of √dā

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, true)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - Truth, reality; also adjective: true, real, sincere

From sat (being, true) + ya (suffix)

Root: as (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - just, indeed (just, only, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - Other, distant, further, supreme, highest, excellent

वदेत् (vadet) - (one) should speak (should speak, may speak)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vad

optative

Optative active 3rd person singular of √vad

Root: vad (class 1)

इदानीम् (idānīm) - now (now, at present)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - just, indeed (just, only, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - our (our, us, to us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - duty (to be done, duty, action, deed)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛtya

kṛtya - To be done, proper to be done, duty, obligation, deed

Gerundive

From √kṛ + ya (kṛtya suffix)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - in the past, formerly (in front, before, in the east, formerly, previously)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from puras (before)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

परम् (param) - supreme (duty) (supreme, highest, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - Other, distant, further, supreme, highest, excellent

स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - has been remembered (remembered, recollected)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of smṛta

smṛta - Remembered, recollected, thought of

Past Passive Participle

From √smṛ (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)