महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-121, verse-4

तमुपस्थितमासीनं ज्ञात्वा स मुनिसत्तमम् ।
अर्चित्वा भोजयामास मैत्रेयोऽशनमुत्तमम् ॥४॥

4. tamupasthitamāsīnaṁ jñātvā sa munisattamam ,
arcitvā bhojayāmāsa maitreyo'śanamuttamam.

4. tam upasthitam āsīnam jñātvā saḥ munisattamam
| arcitvā bhojayāmāsa maitreyaḥ aśanam uttamam

4. saḥ maitreyaḥ upasthitam āsīnam munisattamam tam jñātvā,
arcitvā uttamam aśanam bhojayāmāsa

4. Maitreya, recognizing him (Krishna Dvaipayana) as the foremost among sages (muni), knowing him to be present and seated, first honored him and then offered him an excellent meal.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine accusative singular)

• उपस्थितम् (upasthitam) - present, approached, standing near

• आसीनम् (āsīnam) - seated

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, recognizing

• सः (saḥ) - he (nominative singular)

• मुनिसत्तमम् (munisattamam) - the foremost among sages (muni) (the best of sages, the foremost ascetic)

• अर्चित्वा (arcitvā) - having honored, having worshipped

• भोजयामास (bhojayāmāsa) - he caused to eat, he fed

• मैत्रेयः (maitreyaḥ) - Maitreya (nominative singular)

• अशनम् (aśanam) - food, meal

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

उपस्थितम् (upasthitam) - present, approached, standing near

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upasthita

upasthita - present, approached, standing by, arrived

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √sthā 'to stand' with prefix `upa-`.

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

आसीनम् (āsīnam) - seated

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āsīna

āsīna - seated, sitting

Past Active Participle (kānac)

Participle of √ās 'to sit'.

Root: ās (class 2)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, recognizing

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

Indeclinable past participle ending in `-tvā`.

Root: jñā (class 9)

सः (saḥ) - he (nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Forms `sa` before consonants.

मुनिसत्तमम् (munisattamam) - the foremost among sages (muni) (the best of sages, the foremost ascetic)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of munisattama

munisattama - best of sages, foremost ascetic

Tatpurusha compound. `sattama` is superlative.

Compound type : tatpurusha (muni+sattama)

• muni – sage, ascetic, hermit
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective
  Superlative suffix `tama` added to `sat` (good/excellent).

Note: Qualifies `tam` (Krishna Dvaipayana).

अर्चित्वा (arcitvā) - having honored, having worshipped

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

Indeclinable past participle ending in `-tvā`.

Root: arc (class 1)

भोजयामास (bhojayāmāsa) - he caused to eat, he fed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhuj

perfect active indicative (causative stem)

Perfect form of the causative stem `bhojay` from √bhuj 'to enjoy/eat'.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Causative verb.

मैत्रेयः (maitreyaḥ) - Maitreya (nominative singular)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maitreya

maitreya - Name of a sage, a follower of Maitrī.

अशनम् (aśanam) - food, meal

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśana

aśana - food, eating, meal

From √aś 'to eat'.

Root: aś (class 9)

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - best, excellent, highest, supreme

Superlative form of `ud` (up/high).