महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-77, verse-5

अश्वारोहा गजारोहा रथिनोऽथ पदातयः ।
एते वैश्यसमा राजन्ब्राह्मणानां भवन्त्युत ॥५॥

5. aśvārohā gajārohā rathino'tha padātayaḥ ,
ete vaiśyasamā rājanbrāhmaṇānāṁ bhavantyuta.

5. aśvārohāḥ gajārohāḥ rathinaḥ atha padātayaḥ
ete vaiśyasamāḥ rājan brāhmaṇānām bhavanti uta

5. rājan aśvārohāḥ gajārohāḥ rathinaḥ atha padātayaḥ
ete brāhmaṇānām vaiśyasamāḥ bhavanti uta

5. O King, the horsemen, elephant riders, charioteers, and foot soldiers—these Brahmins become equal to vaiśyas.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वारोहाः (aśvārohāḥ) - horse riders, cavalry

• गजारोहाः (gajārohāḥ) - elephant riders

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, those having chariots

• अथ (atha) - and (connecting elements in a list) (and, then, thus, moreover)

• पदातयः (padātayaḥ) - foot soldiers, infantry

• एते (ete) - these

• वैश्यसमाः (vaiśyasamāḥ) - equal to vaiśyas

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they become

• उत (uta) - also, indeed, moreover

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वारोहाः (aśvārohāḥ) - horse riders, cavalry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśvāroha

aśvāroha - horse rider

from aśva (horse) + āroha (one who mounts)

Compound type : tatpurusha (aśva+āroha)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – a rider, one who ascends
  noun (masculine)
  from ā + ruh
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

गजारोहाः (gajārohāḥ) - elephant riders

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gajāroha

gajāroha - elephant rider

from gaja (elephant) + āroha (one who mounts)

Compound type : tatpurusha (gaja+āroha)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – a rider, one who ascends
  noun (masculine)
  from ā + ruh
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, those having chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot

अथ (atha) - and (connecting elements in a list) (and, then, thus, moreover)

(indeclinable)

पदातयः (padātayaḥ) - foot soldiers, infantry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padāti

padāti - foot soldier, infantryman

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

वैश्यसमाः (vaiśyasamāḥ) - equal to vaiśyas

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaiśyasama

vaiśyasama - equal to a vaiśya, like a vaiśya

Compound type : tatpurusha (vaiśya+sama)

• vaiśya – member of the merchant/farmer class (the third of the four social classes)
  noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, similar
  adjective (masculine)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, belonging to Brahmins

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they become

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Present Active

3rd person plural present indicative of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

उत (uta) - also, indeed, moreover

(indeclinable)