महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-77, verse-13

अवृत्त्या यो भवेत्स्तेनो वेदवित्स्नातकस्तथा ।
राजन्स राज्ञा भर्तव्य इति धर्मविदो विदुः ॥१३॥

13. avṛttyā yo bhavetsteno vedavitsnātakastathā ,
rājansa rājñā bhartavya iti dharmavido viduḥ.

13. avṛttyā yaḥ bhavet stenaḥ vedavit snātakaḥ tathā
rājan saḥ rājñā bhartavyaḥ iti dharmavidaḥ viduḥ

13. rājan,
yaḥ vedavit snātakaḥ tathā avṛttyā stenaḥ bhavet,
saḥ rājñā bhartavyaḥ.
iti dharmavidaḥ viduḥ.

13. O King, those who know the law (dharma) understand that a Vedic scholar and snātaka (a graduate from Vedic studies) who becomes a thief due to lack of livelihood should be maintained by the king.

Words meanings summery:

• अवृत्त्या (avṛttyā) - Due to the absence of a means of earning a living (By lack of livelihood, without means of subsistence)

• यः (yaḥ) - The person who (is described next) (Who, he who)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - Should become, may become (Should be, may be, would be)

• स्तेनः (stenaḥ) - A person who steals (Thief)

• वेदवित् (vedavit) - A person learned in the Vedas (Knower of the Vedas, Vedic scholar)

• स्नातकः (snātakaḥ) - A person who has completed his Vedic studies and ritual bath (A graduate from Vedic study, one who has performed the snāna ceremony)

• तथा (tathā) - Even, in this way, also (So, thus, also, and)

• राजन् (rājan) - Direct address to the king (Yudhiṣṭhira here, implied) (O King!)

• सः (saḥ) - That very person (the thief who is a Vedic scholar) (He, that)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - By the king (who is addressed) (By the king)

• भर्तव्यः (bhartavyaḥ) - Must be financially supported or taken care of (To be supported, to be maintained)

• इति (iti) - Introduces the statement of the dharmavidaḥ (Thus, so, in this way (quotative particle))

• धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - Experts in legal and ethical principles (dharma) (Those who know dharma (law, duty, righteousness))

• विदुः (viduḥ) - They (the dharmavidaḥ) understand (They know)

Words meanings and morphology

अवृत्त्या (avṛttyā) - Due to the absence of a means of earning a living (By lack of livelihood, without means of subsistence)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of avṛtti

avṛtti - lack of livelihood, unemployment, absence of function

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'vṛtti' (livelihood)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vṛtti)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vṛtti – livelihood, existence, mode of life, activity
  noun (feminine)
  Action noun from √vṛt
  From √vṛt (to turn, exist, be)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause or means

यः (yaḥ) - The person who (is described next) (Who, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, whoever

Pronominal stem

Note: Subject of bhavet

भवेत् (bhavet) - Should become, may become (Should be, may be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Optative active

3rd person singular optative active of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

स्तेनः (stenaḥ) - A person who steals (Thief)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of stena

stena - thief, robber

From the root 'sten' (to steal)

Root: sten (class 10)

वेदवित् (vedavit) - A person learned in the Vedas (Knower of the Vedas, Vedic scholar)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vedavid

vedavid - one who knows the Vedas, a Vedic scholar

Compound of Veda (knowledge/scriptures) and vid (knowing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+vid)

• veda – Veda, sacred knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  From root √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vid – knowing, wise
  adjective
  Agent noun/adjective from root
  From root √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

स्नातकः (snātakaḥ) - A person who has completed his Vedic studies and ritual bath (A graduate from Vedic study, one who has performed the snāna ceremony)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of snātaka

snātaka - one who has performed the snāna (ritual bath) at the completion of Vedic study, a Vedic graduate

From √snā (to bathe) + suffix -taka

Root: snā (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - Even, in this way, also (So, thus, also, and)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem tad

राजन् (rājan) - Direct address to the king (Yudhiṣṭhira here, implied) (O King!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun

Root: rāj (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - That very person (the thief who is a Vedic scholar) (He, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun stem

Note: Subject of bhartavyaḥ (implied 'asti')

राज्ञा (rājñā) - By the king (who is addressed) (By the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Agent in passive construction bhartavyaḥ

भर्तव्यः (bhartavyaḥ) - Must be financially supported or taken care of (To be supported, to be maintained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartavya

bhartavya - to be supported, to be maintained, to be nourished

Gerundive (kṛtya)

Future passive participle (gerundive) from √bhṛ (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with saḥ

इति (iti) - Introduces the statement of the dharmavidaḥ (Thus, so, in this way (quotative particle))

(indeclinable)

धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - Experts in legal and ethical principles (dharma) (Those who know dharma (law, duty, righteousness))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmavid

dharmavid - one who knows dharma, an expert in law/duty/righteousness

Compound of dharma and vid (knowing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to support, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knowing, wise
  adjective
  Agent noun/adjective from root
  From root √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of viduḥ

विदुः (viduḥ) - They (the dharmavidaḥ) understand (They know)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present active indicative

3rd person plural present active indicative of √vid (class 2)

Root: vid (class 2)