महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-77, verse-12

यस्य स्म विषये राज्ञः स्तेनो भवति वै द्विजः ।
राज्ञ एवापराधं तं मन्यन्ते तद्विदो जनाः ॥१२॥

12. yasya sma viṣaye rājñaḥ steno bhavati vai dvijaḥ ,
rājña evāparādhaṁ taṁ manyante tadvido janāḥ.

12. yasya sma viṣaye rājñaḥ stenaḥ bhavati vai dvijaḥ
rājñaḥ eva aparādham tam manyante tadvidaḥ janāḥ

12. yasya rājñaḥ viṣaye dvijaḥ vai stenaḥ bhavati sma,
tadvidaḥ janāḥ tam aparādham rājñaḥ eva manyante.

12. If a twice-born (dvija) person indeed becomes a thief in the domain of a king, those who know the law (dharma) consider that offense to be the king's own transgression.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - Of which king (Whose, of whom, of which)

• स्म (sma) - Indeed, emphasizing the situation (Indeed, verily, particle indicating past tense)

• विषये (viṣaye) - In the realm or territory (of the king) (In the domain, in the subject, in the sphere)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - Of the king (Of the king, from the king)

• स्तेनः (stenaḥ) - A person who steals (Thief)

• भवति (bhavati) - Becomes (Becomes, is, exists)

• वै (vai) - Indeed, emphasizing the statement (Indeed, certainly, verily)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - A Brahmin (as typically 'twice-born' in this context of legal principles) (Twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - Of the king (as the possessor of the offense) (Of the king, from the king)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizing that the offense belongs to the king himself (Only, indeed, just)

• अपराधम् (aparādham) - The wrongdoing committed by the Brahmin (Offense, fault, transgression)

• तम् (tam) - That (specific) offense (Him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• मन्यन्ते (manyante) - They consider (it to be) (They consider, they think, they believe)

• तद्विदः (tadvidaḥ) - People who know the law/principles (Those who know that, experts in that)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - The people (who are knowledgeable) (People, persons)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - Of which king (Whose, of whom, of which)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, whoever

Pronominal stem

Note: Agreeing with rājñaḥ

स्म (sma) - Indeed, emphasizing the situation (Indeed, verily, particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

विषये (viṣaye) - In the realm or territory (of the king) (In the domain, in the subject, in the sphere)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - domain, sphere, subject, object of sense

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - Of the king (Of the king, from the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun

Root: rāj (class 1)

स्तेनः (stenaḥ) - A person who steals (Thief)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of stena

stena - thief, robber

Derived from the root 'sten' (to steal)

Root: sten (class 10)

भवति (bhavati) - Becomes (Becomes, is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present active indicative

3rd person singular present active indicative of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

वै (vai) - Indeed, emphasizing the statement (Indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - A Brahmin (as typically 'twice-born' in this context of legal principles) (Twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born, a Brahmin, a member of the three upper varṇas, a bird, a tooth

Compound of dvi (two) and ja (born)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  From root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - Of the king (as the possessor of the offense) (Of the king, from the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun

Root: rāj (class 1)

एव (eva) - Emphasizing that the offense belongs to the king himself (Only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

अपराधम् (aparādham) - The wrongdoing committed by the Brahmin (Offense, fault, transgression)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aparādha

aparādha - offense, fault, transgression, crime

From prefix apa- and √rādh (to succeed, offend)

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 5)

तम् (tam) - That (specific) offense (Him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun stem

Note: Agreeing with aparādham

मन्यन्ते (manyante) - They consider (it to be) (They consider, they think, they believe)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present middle indicative

3rd person plural present middle indicative of √man

Root: man (class 4)

तद्विदः (tadvidaḥ) - People who know the law/principles (Those who know that, experts in that)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tadvid

tadvid - knowing that, knowing the truth, an expert

Compound of tad (that) and vid (knowing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+vid)

• tad – that, he, she, it
  pronoun
  Demonstrative pronoun stem
• vid – knowing, wise
  adjective
  Agent noun/adjective from root
  From root √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to the 'janāḥ' (people)

जनाः (janāḥ) - The people (who are knowledgeable) (People, persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people, creature

From root √jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of manyante