महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-77, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
स्वकर्मण्यपरे युक्तास्तथैवान्ये विकर्मणि ।
तेषां विशेषमाचक्ष्व ब्राह्मणानां पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
svakarmaṇyapare yuktāstathaivānye vikarmaṇi ,
teṣāṁ viśeṣamācakṣva brāhmaṇānāṁ pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca svakarmaṇi apare yuktāḥ tathā eva anye
vikarmaṇi teṣām viśeṣam ācakṣva brāhmaṇānām pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha apare svakarmaṇi yuktāḥ tathā
eva anye vikarmaṇi teṣām brāhmaṇānām viśeṣam ācakṣva

1. Yudhishthira said: "Some are engaged in their prescribed duties (karma), while others are engaged in forbidden actions (vikarma). Grandfather, please explain to me the distinction among these brahmins."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• स्वकर्मणि (svakarmaṇi) - in their prescribed duties (karma) (in their own actions/duties)

• अपरे (apare) - others, some (of the two categories)

• युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - engaged, connected, endowed

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in the same way

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, even

• अन्ये (anye) - others

• विकर्मणि (vikarmaṇi) - in forbidden actions, in wrong actions

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, among them

• विशेषम् (viśeṣam) - distinction, difference, peculiarity

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, explain, relate

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of brahmins, among brahmins

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Grandfather Bhishma (vocative) (grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (eldest Pandava, steady in battle)

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – steady, firm
  adjective (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

स्वकर्मणि (svakarmaṇi) - in their prescribed duties (karma) (in their own actions/duties)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of svakarma

svakarma - one's own action, prescribed duty (karma)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sva+karma)

• sva – own
  pronoun
• karma – action, duty, deed (karma)
  noun (neuter)

अपरे (apare) - others, some (of the two categories)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, different, subsequent

युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - engaged, connected, endowed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - joined, engaged, fit, proper

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join, to yoke) + kta (suffix for PPP)

Root: yuj (class 7)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in the same way

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, even

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, different

विकर्मणि (vikarmaṇi) - in forbidden actions, in wrong actions

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vikarma

vikarma - forbidden action, wrong action (karma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vi+karma)

• vi – bad, wrong, opposite
  indeclinable
• karma – action, duty, deed (karma)
  noun (neuter)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, among them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (pronoun)

विशेषम् (viśeṣam) - distinction, difference, peculiarity

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - distinction, difference, peculiarity

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, explain, relate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of cakṣ

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of brahmins, among brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Grandfather Bhishma (vocative) (grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, ancestor