महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-5, verse-1

नारद उवाच ।
आविष्कृतबलं कर्णं ज्ञात्वा राजा तु मागधः ।
आह्वयद्द्वैरथेनाजौ जरासंधो महीपतिः ॥१॥

1. nārada uvāca ,
āviṣkṛtabalaṁ karṇaṁ jñātvā rājā tu māgadhaḥ ,
āhvayaddvairathenājau jarāsaṁdho mahīpatiḥ.

1. nārada uvāca āviṣkṛtabalam karṇam jñātvā rājā tu
māgadhaḥ āhvayat dvairathena ājau jarāsandhaḥ mahīpatiḥ

1. nārada uvāca māgadhaḥ mahīpatiḥ rājā jarāsandhaḥ tu
āviṣkṛtabalam karṇam jñātvā ājau dvairathena āhvayat

1. Nārada said: Knowing Karṇa's revealed strength, Jarāsandha, the king of Magadha and lord of the earth, challenged him to a duel in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• नारद (nārada) - Nārada (a divine sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• आविष्कृतबलम् (āviṣkṛtabalam) - whose strength was revealed, having revealed strength

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (name of a warrior)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having perceived, having understood

• राजा (rājā) - king

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• मागधः (māgadhaḥ) - of Magadha, belonging to Magadha, a king of Magadha

• आह्वयत् (āhvayat) - he challenged, he called, he summoned

• द्वैरथेन (dvairathena) - by a duel, by a single combat

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in combat

• जरासन्धः (jarāsandhaḥ) - Jarāsandha (name of a king)

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - lord of the earth, king

Words meanings and morphology

नारद (nārada) - Nārada (a divine sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Name of a divine sage

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root vac- (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

आविष्कृतबलम् (āviṣkṛtabalam) - whose strength was revealed, having revealed strength

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āviṣkṛtabala

āviṣkṛtabala - having revealed strength, whose strength is manifest

Compound of āviṣkṛta (revealed/manifested) and bala (strength).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (āviṣkṛta+bala)

• āviṣkṛta – revealed, manifested, made public
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ- (to do, make) with prefix āvis.
  Prefix: āvis
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Karṇam.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (name of a warrior)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a prominent warrior in the Mahābhārata); ear

Note: Object of jñātvā.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having perceived, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root jñā- (to know) with suffix -tvā.

Root: jñā (class 9)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: Subject of āhvayat.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing contrast or emphasis.

मागधः (māgadhaḥ) - of Magadha, belonging to Magadha, a king of Magadha

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māgadha

māgadha - inhabitant of Magadha, king of Magadha, relating to Magadha

Derived from Magadha (name of a kingdom).

आह्वयत् (āhvayat) - he challenged, he called, he summoned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of hvā

imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root hvā- (to call) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

द्वैरथेन (dvairathena) - by a duel, by a single combat

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dvairatha

dvairatha - a single combat (originally between two chariots); a duel

Derived from dvi (two) and ratha (chariot).

Note: Instrument of challenging.

आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āji

āji - battle, fight, combat, race

Root: aj (class 1)

जरासन्धः (jarāsandhaḥ) - Jarāsandha (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jarāsandha

jarāsandha - Name of a king of Magadha

Note: Subject.

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - lord of the earth, king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king, sovereign

Compound of mahī (earth) and pati (lord/master).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Jarāsandha.