महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-307, verse-5

केन वृत्तेन भगवन्नतिक्रामेज्जरान्तकौ ।
तपसा वाथ बुद्ध्या वा कर्मणा वा श्रुतेन वा ॥५॥

5. kena vṛttena bhagavannatikrāmejjarāntakau ,
tapasā vātha buddhyā vā karmaṇā vā śrutena vā.

5. kena vṛttena bhagavan atikrāmet jarā-antakau
tapasā vā atha buddhyā vā karmaṇā vā śrutena vā

5. bhagavan kena vṛttena jarā-antakau atikrāmet? tapasā
vā atha buddhyā vā karmaṇā vā śrutena vā (atikrāmet)?

5. O revered one, by what conduct can one overcome old age and death? Is it by asceticism (tapas), or by wisdom, or by action (karma), or by sacred knowledge?

Words meanings summery:

• केन (kena) - by what, by which

• वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - by conduct, by means, by way

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one, O lord

• अतिक्रामेत् (atikrāmet) - one may overcome, one may transcend

• जरा-अन्तकौ (jarā-antakau) - old age and death

• तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism, by severe austerity

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अथ (atha) - or, then, now

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, by wisdom

• वा (vā) - or, either

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma), by deed

• वा (vā) - or, either

• श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by sacred knowledge, by Vedic revelation

• वा (vā) - or, either

Words meanings and morphology

केन (kena) - by what, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - by conduct, by means, by way

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, course of action, behavior, mode of life

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of vṛt (to turn, exist). Used as a noun.

Root: vṛt

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one, O lord

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - fortunate, glorious, revered, divine, venerable

Root: bhaj

अतिक्रामेत् (atikrāmet) - one may overcome, one may transcend

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of kram

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

जरा-अन्तकौ (jarā-antakau) - old age and death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of jarāntaka

jarāntaka - old age and death (collectively)

Compound type : dvandva (jarā+antaka)

• jarā – old age, decrepitude, decay
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jṝ
• antaka – bringing to an end, destroyer, death, Yama (god of death)
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root ant (to end).
  Root: ant

तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism, by severe austerity

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, asceticism, austerity, self-discipline (tapas)

Root: tap

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - or, then, now

(indeclinable)

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, by wisdom

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, wisdom

Root: budh

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma), by deed

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual action (karma)

Root: kṛ

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by sacred knowledge, by Vedic revelation

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard; sacred knowledge, revelation, Vedic text (that which is heard)

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root śru (to hear). Used as a noun.

Root: śru

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)