महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-307, verse-12

एवंभूतेषु भूतेषु नित्यभूताध्रुवेषु च ।
कथं हृष्येत जातेषु मृतेषु च कथं ज्वरेत् ॥१२॥

12. evaṁbhūteṣu bhūteṣu nityabhūtādhruveṣu ca ,
kathaṁ hṛṣyeta jāteṣu mṛteṣu ca kathaṁ jvaret.

12. evaṃbhūteṣu bhūteṣu nityabhūtādhruveṣu ca
kathaṃ hṛṣyeta jāteṣu mṛteṣu ca kathaṃ jvaret

12. evaṃbhūteṣu nityabhūtādhruveṣu bhūteṣu ca jāteṣu kathaṃ hṛṣyeta,
mṛteṣu ca kathaṃ jvaret

12. In beings that are of such a nature, ever-existent yet impermanent, how can one rejoice in those who are born, and how can one grieve in those who die?

Words meanings summery:

• एवंभूतेषु (evaṁbhūteṣu) - in beings of such a nature, in such beings

• भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - in beings, among creatures

• नित्यभूताध्रुवेषु (nityabhūtādhruveṣu) - in those that are ever-existent yet impermanent

• च (ca) - and

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how, why

• हृष्येत (hṛṣyeta) - one should rejoice

• जातेषु (jāteṣu) - in those who are born, among the born

• मृतेषु (mṛteṣu) - in those who are dead, among the dead

• च (ca) - and

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how, why

• ज्वरेत् (jvaret) - one should grieve, one should be distressed

Words meanings and morphology

एवंभूतेषु (evaṁbhūteṣu) - in beings of such a nature, in such beings

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of evaṃbhūta

evaṁbhūta - being of such a nature, being such, thus existing

Compound type : bahuvrihi (evam+bhūta)

• evam – thus, in this manner
  indeclinable
• bhūta – being, existent, occurred, become
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root bhū (to be, to exist)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - in beings, among creatures

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, ghost

Root: bhū (class 1)

नित्यभूताध्रुवेषु (nityabhūtādhruveṣu) - in those that are ever-existent yet impermanent

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of nityabhūtādhruva

nityabhūtādhruva - ever-existent yet impermanent

Compound type : dvandva (nityabhūta+adhruva)

• nityabhūta – eternal being, ever-existent
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• adhruva – impermanent, unstable, fleeting
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: a

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कथं (kathaṁ) - how, why

(indeclinable)

हृष्येत (hṛṣyeta) - one should rejoice

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of hṛṣ

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

जातेषु (jāteṣu) - in those who are born, among the born

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

मृतेषु (mṛteṣu) - in those who are dead, among the dead

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased

Past Passive Participle

from root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कथं (kathaṁ) - how, why

(indeclinable)

ज्वरेत् (jvaret) - one should grieve, one should be distressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of jvar

Root: jvar (class 1)