महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-307, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
ऐश्वर्यं वा महत्प्राप्य धनं वा भरतर्षभ ।
दीर्घमायुरवाप्याथ कथं मृत्युमतिक्रमेत् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
aiśvaryaṁ vā mahatprāpya dhanaṁ vā bharatarṣabha ,
dīrghamāyuravāpyātha kathaṁ mṛtyumatikramet.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca aiśvaryam vā mahat prāpya dhanam vā
bharatarṣabha dīrgham āyuḥ avāpya atha katham mṛtyum atikramet

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bharatarṣabha mahat aiśvaryam vā dhanam
vā prāpya dīrgham āyuḥ atha avāpya mṛtyum katham atikramet

1. Yudhishthira said: "O best of the Bharatas, having attained great sovereignty or wealth, or having attained a long life, then how can one overcome death?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• ऐश्वर्यम् (aiśvaryam) - sovereignty, dominion, power

• वा (vā) - or

• महत् (mahat) - great, extensive

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches

• वा (vā) - or

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O foremost of the Bharatas

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

• अवाप्य (avāpya) - having obtained, having reached

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• अतिक्रमेत् (atikramet) - one should overcome, one should transcend

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (eldest Pandava, firm in battle)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ऐश्वर्यम् (aiśvaryam) - sovereignty, dominion, power

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aiśvarya

aiśvarya - sovereignty, dominion, power, wealth

from īśvara (lord) + ṣyañ (suffix for abstract nouns)

Note: Object of 'prāpya'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

महत् (mahat) - great, extensive

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important

Present Active Participle

from root mah (to be great), or as stem of mahā

Root: mah

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

from pra-āp (to obtain)

Prefixes: pra+ā

Root: āp (class 5)

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property

Root: dhan

Note: Object of 'prāpya'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O foremost of the Bharatas

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, foremost of the Bharatas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – Bharata (name of an ancient king, and a lineage)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; excellent, best, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Bhishma.

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, extensive, tall

आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, lifespan, duration of life

Note: Object of 'avāpya'.

अवाप्य (avāpya) - having obtained, having reached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

from ava-āp (to obtain)

Prefixes: ava+ā

Root: āp (class 5)

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to indicate sequence or transition.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, mortality, the god of death

from root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Object of 'atikramet'.

अतिक्रमेत् (atikramet) - one should overcome, one should transcend

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of ati-kram

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Expresses potential or duty.