महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-302, verse-3

सात्त्विकस्योत्तमं स्थानं राजसस्येह मध्यमम् ।
तामसस्याधमं स्थानं प्राहुरध्यात्मचिन्तकाः ॥३॥

3. sāttvikasyottamaṁ sthānaṁ rājasasyeha madhyamam ,
tāmasasyādhamaṁ sthānaṁ prāhuradhyātmacintakāḥ.

3. sāttvikasya uttamam sthānam rājasasya iha madhyamam
tāmasasya adhamam sthānam prāhuḥ adhyātmacintakāḥ

3. adhyātmacintakāḥ sāttvikasya uttamam sthānam,
rājasasya iha madhyamam (sthānam),
tāmasasya adhamam sthānam prāhuḥ

3. Spiritual thinkers (adhyātmacintaka) declare the highest abode for those of pure nature (sattva), a middle abode here in this world for those of passionate nature (rajas), and the lowest abode for those of ignorant nature (tamas).

Words meanings summery:

• सात्त्विकस्य (sāttvikasya) - of one possessing the quality of sattva (pure nature) (of the sattvic, of the pure, of one endowed with goodness)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - the highest (abode) (highest, excellent, best)

• स्थानम् (sthānam) - abode, destination, state of being (place, position, abode, state)

• राजसस्य (rājasasya) - of one possessing the quality of rajas (passionate nature) (of the rajasic, of the passionate)

• इह (iha) - in this world, referring to human existence (here, in this world, now)

• मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - a middle (abode), an intermediate state (middle, mediocre, intermediate)

• तामसस्य (tāmasasya) - of one possessing the quality of tamas (ignorant nature) (of the tamasic, of the ignorant)

• अधमम् (adhamam) - the lowest (abode) (lowest, inferior, worst)

• स्थानम् (sthānam) - abode, destination, state of being (place, position, abode, state)

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they (spiritual thinkers) declare (they say, they declare, they state)

• अध्यात्मचिन्तकाः (adhyātmacintakāḥ) - spiritual thinkers, those who contemplate the self (ātman) and the divine (thinkers on spiritual matters, spiritual philosophers)

Words meanings and morphology

सात्त्विकस्य (sāttvikasya) - of one possessing the quality of sattva (pure nature) (of the sattvic, of the pure, of one endowed with goodness)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sāttvika

sāttvika - relating to sattva, pure, good, virtuous, existing, true

derived from sattva (quality of goodness/purity) with suffix -ika (denoting 'relating to' or 'belonging to')

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - the highest (abode) (highest, excellent, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, principal, first

superlative of 'ud' (up/out)

Note: Agrees with 'sthānam'

स्थानम् (sthānam) - abode, destination, state of being (place, position, abode, state)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, position, abode, state, condition, site

from root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

राजसस्य (rājasasya) - of one possessing the quality of rajas (passionate nature) (of the rajasic, of the passionate)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājasa

rājasa - relating to rajas, passionate, energetic, desirous

derived from rajas (passion, activity) with suffix -a

इह (iha) - in this world, referring to human existence (here, in this world, now)

(indeclinable)

मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - a middle (abode), an intermediate state (middle, mediocre, intermediate)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of madhyama

madhyama - middle, central, intermediate, mediocre

from madhya (middle)

Note: Agrees with an implied 'sthānam'

तामसस्य (tāmasasya) - of one possessing the quality of tamas (ignorant nature) (of the tamasic, of the ignorant)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tāmasa

tāmasa - relating to tamas, dark, ignorant, dull, obscure

derived from tamas (darkness, ignorance) with suffix -a

अधमम् (adhamam) - the lowest (abode) (lowest, inferior, worst)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhama

adhama - lowest, inferior, vile, worst, mean

Note: Agrees with 'sthānam'

स्थानम् (sthānam) - abode, destination, state of being (place, position, abode, state)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, position, abode, state, condition, site

from root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they (spiritual thinkers) declare (they say, they declare, they state)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of prāh

Perfect Active

Root ah (to say) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

अध्यात्मचिन्तकाः (adhyātmacintakāḥ) - spiritual thinkers, those who contemplate the self (ātman) and the divine (thinkers on spiritual matters, spiritual philosophers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhyātmacintaka

adhyātmacintaka - one who contemplates on spiritual matters, spiritual philosopher

Compound of adhyātma (spiritual, relating to the self) and cintaka (thinker, contemplator)

Compound type : tatpurusha (adhyātma+cintaka)

• adhyātma – relating to the self or spirit, spiritual
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix adhi + ātman
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: ātman
• cintaka – thinker, contemplator, meditator
  noun (masculine)
  From root cint (to think)
  Root: cint (class 10)