महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-302, verse-14

अग्राह्यावृषिशार्दूल कथमेको ह्यचेतनः ।
चेतनावांस्तथा चैकः क्षेत्रज्ञ इति भाषितः ॥१४॥

14. agrāhyāvṛṣiśārdūla kathameko hyacetanaḥ ,
cetanāvāṁstathā caikaḥ kṣetrajña iti bhāṣitaḥ.

14. agrāhyau ṛṣiśārdūla katham ekaḥ hi acetanaḥ
cetanāvān tathā ca ekaḥ kṣetrajñaḥ iti bhāṣitaḥ

14. ṛṣiśārdūla katham agrāhyau hi ekaḥ acetanaḥ
tathā ca ekaḥ cetanāvān kṣetrajñaḥ iti bhāṣitaḥ

14. O tiger among sages, if both (Puruṣa and Prakṛti) are imperceptible, how can one of them be insentient and the other be spoken of as the conscious knower of the field (kṣetrajña)?

Words meanings summery:

• अग्राह्यौ (agrāhyau) - imperceptible, incomprehensible

• ऋषिशार्दूल (ṛṣiśārdūla) - O tiger among sages, O best of sages

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a certain one

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अचेतनः (acetanaḥ) - insentient, unconscious

• चेतनावान् (cetanāvān) - conscious, sentient, having consciousness

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, in the same way, and so

• च (ca) - and, also

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, the other

• क्षेत्रज्ञः (kṣetrajñaḥ) - the knower of the field, the soul, the individual self

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quotation

• भाषितः (bhāṣitaḥ) - is declared, is spoken of, is said

Words meanings and morphology

अग्राह्यौ (agrāhyau) - imperceptible, incomprehensible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of agrāhya

agrāhya - imperceptible, not to be seized, incomprehensible

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'grāhya' (to be grasped/perceived), from root 'grah'.

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+grāhya)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• grāhya – to be grasped, to be perceived, comprehensible
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root grah (to seize, grasp, perceive).
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Qualifies "these two" (Puruṣa and Prakṛti) from previous verse.

ऋषिशार्दूल (ṛṣiśārdūla) - O tiger among sages, O best of sages

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of ṛṣiśārdūla

ṛṣiśārdūla - tiger among sages, foremost sage, best of sages

Compound of 'ṛṣi' (sage) and 'śārdūla' (tiger, used metaphorically for 'best').

Compound type : Saptamī-Tatpuruṣa or Upamāna-Pūrva-pada Karmadhāraya (ṛṣi+śārdūla)

• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger; excellent, chief (when used as a suffix)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing the sage (likely Bhīṣma).

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a certain one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique, a certain

Masculine nominative singular.

Note: Refers to Prakṛti.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

An emphatic or causal particle.

अचेतनः (acetanaḥ) - insentient, unconscious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acetana

acetana - insentient, unconscious, without consciousness

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'cetana' (conscious).

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+cetana)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• cetana – conscious, sentient, having consciousness
  adjective (masculine)
  From root cit (to perceive, to be conscious).
  Root: cit

Note: Qualifies 'ekaḥ'.

चेतनावान् (cetanāvān) - conscious, sentient, having consciousness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cetanāvat

cetanāvat - possessing consciousness, sentient, conscious

Derived from 'cetanā' (consciousness) with suffix '-vat' (possessing).

Root: cit

Note: Qualifies 'ekaḥ kṣetrajñaḥ'. The ending 'vān' indicates masculine nominative singular for a 'matup' possessive suffix.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, in the same way, and so

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Connects the two parts of the contrast.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, the other

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique, a certain

Masculine nominative singular.

Note: Refers to Puruṣa/Kṣetrajña.

क्षेत्रज्ञः (kṣetrajñaḥ) - the knower of the field, the soul, the individual self

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣetrajña

kṣetrajña - knower of the field (kṣetra), soul, individual consciousness

Compound of 'kṣetra' (field) and 'jña' (knower).

Compound type : Ṣaṣṭhī-Tatpuruṣa (kṣetra+jña)

• kṣetra – field, body, sacred place, region
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knower, understanding, intelligent
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to Puruṣa, the conscious principle.

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quotation

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to mark the end of a quotation or definition.

भाषितः (bhāṣitaḥ) - is declared, is spoken of, is said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāṣita

bhāṣita - spoken, said, declared

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhāṣ' (to speak).

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: An implied 'is' (asti) completes the sentence.